Study on MHz high-speed PIV technique
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摘要: 跨声速流动因为其复杂的非定常流动特性，一直是实验研究中的一大难题。为了能较好地解析亚跨超声速流动中的小时间尺度流动，本文研究了MHz频率的粒子图像测速技术（Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV）。在实验测量的跨声速射流场中，利用5台高速相机对同一测量区域进行交替快速拍摄，得到超高时间分辨率的粒子图像数据。通过图像处理技术完成了图像的光学畸变修正和公共区域识别。应用Ensemble Correlation互相关算法，基于速度场结果，完成了可压缩湍流场的能谱解析。实验证明了MHz–PIV的高频采样能力，极大地减小了高频采样技术对相机性能的依赖性，为跨声速实验提供了一种具有高时空分辨率的精细测量技术。Abstract: Transonic flows have presented an enduring challenge to experimental research due to their intricate and unsteady flow characteristics. This study investigated the megahertz-frequency Particle Image Velocimetry（MHz–PIV）technique to enhance the resolution of small time-scale flows under the transonic flow conditions. During the measurement, five high-speed cameras alternately and quickly captured images of the same measurement area, and thus obtained ultra-high time resolution particle image data. By employing image processing techniques optical distortion correction and identification of the common area were achieved. The application of the ensemble correlation algorithm, coupled with spectral analysis of the compressible turbulent flow field based on the velocity field, contributed to a comprehensive analysis. The experiment validated the high-frequency sampling capability of MHz–PIV, which significantly reduces the technology’s dependence on camera performance. This approach offers a refined measurement technique with high spatiotemporal resolution for transonic experiments.
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图 4 标定图像中的像素坐标系及世界坐标系
Figure 4. Pixel coordinate system and world coordinate system in the calibration image
图 5 公共区域识别提取算法效果示意
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the effect of the common area identification and extraction algorithm
图 7 不同输入图片数对应的特定点平均速度
Figure 7. The average velocity of specific points corresponding to different input image numbers
图 8 不同启动稳压下的湍流能谱
Figure 8. Turbulence spectra under different stabilized nozzle pressures
图 9 各工况预乘谱验证−1幂次率
Figure 9. The pre-multiplication spectrum validating the −1 power-law
表 1 原图与畸变矫正后图像的畸变程度对比
Table 1. Comparison of distortion degree between original image and corrected image
图片编号 原图/像素 矫正图像/像素 矫正量/% ① 1.4910 0.2349 84.25 ② 1.6778 0.2204 86.86 ③ 2.4933 0.2448 90.18 ④ 0.7828 0.1360 82.63 ⑤ 0.3247 0.0545 83.21 
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