Temperature-difference-based heat-flux sensors and their application in hypervelocity low-density wind tunnel
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摘要: 在超高速低密度风洞试验中，通常采用薄壁量热计、同轴热电偶和红外热图等测试热流。这些测热方式都存在测试结果易受噪声干扰、不确定度高等问题，其原因主要在于数据处理方式复杂。同时，这些测热方式的灵敏度系数较低，也不利于测试低密度风洞试验中的低热流。原子层热电堆（Atomic Layer Thermopile, ALTP）热流传感器和小尺寸Schmidt–Boelter热流传感器具有灵敏度系数高、简单易用等特点，通过风洞试验验证了这两种热阻式热流传感器应用于超高速低密度风洞长时间低热流测试的可行性，以补充超高速低密度风洞试验测热手段。针对常规ALTP热流传感器尺寸较大等问题，以导电膜首尾串联敏感薄膜，在ALTP热流传感器使用尺寸不变的前提下，成倍提高其灵敏度系数，为下阶段ALTP热流传感器小型化奠定基础。
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关键词:
- 原子层热电堆 /
- Schmidt–Boelter热流传感器 /
- 灵敏度系数 /
- 超高速低密度风洞 /
- 同轴热电偶
Abstract: Thin-skin calorimeters, coaxial thermocouples and infrared thermographics have the problems of being sensitive to the noise and high uncertainty in the corresponding measured heat flux densities, though frequently used in hypervelocity low-density wind-tunnel tests, The problems result from the complicated measuring principles and their low sensitivities. Hence, taking the properties of high sensitivity and ease of use into account, atomic-layer thermopile (ALTP) heat-flux sensors and small-sized Schmidt-Boelter gauges, two kinds of temperature-difference-based heat-flux sensors, are used to measure the low heat flux in a long duration, and their good performance is confirmed by the experiment conducted in a hypersonic low-density wind tunnel. Meanwhile, considering the fact that the size in diameter is relatively too large and the sensitivity is dependent on the effective length of the sensitive element, the sensitive elements of the ALTP sensor are connected in series by electric films, and the sensitivity of the revised ALTP sensor is multiplied without enlarging the size in diameter, which helps get small-sized ALTP heat-flux sensors in the near future. -
图 4 改进型ALTP热流传感器的静态标定结果
Figure 4. The static calibration results of the revised ALTP heat-flux sensor
图 5 改进型ALTP热流传感器的动态特性
Figure 5. The dynamic characteristics of the revised ALTP heat-flux sensor
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