Cooling and friction reduction performance and mechanism of supersonic film cooling using hydrogen and hydrocarbon
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摘要: 在超燃冲压发动机燃烧室中应用燃料气膜冷却可以有效降低发动机壁面严峻的力热载荷，本文对有望应用于超燃冲压发动机的氢和碳氢燃料气膜进行大涡模拟研究。结果表明氢气膜和碳氢燃料气膜间防热和减阻性能具有显著的差异，该差异来源于燃料气膜与主流之间的混合层中湍流状态的显著不同。氢气膜与主流之间的湍流输运过程远弱于碳氢燃料的情况，从而使得氢气膜在惰性情况下具有极其优异的冷却和减阻性能；但当边界层燃烧发生时，由于剧烈的近壁释热，氢气膜的冷却性能急剧恶化。相反的，当碳氢燃料发生边界层燃烧时，其冷却和减阻性能可以从惰性时较差的水平同时提升至与氢气膜可以进行比较的水平。Abstract: The essential difference of the turbulent state in the mixing layer contributes to the totally different behavior of the cooling and wall friction reduction performances of the hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel films. The turbulent transport processes between the hydrogen film and the mainstream are much weaker than that of the hydrocarbon film making inert hydrogen to be rather superior in cooling and friction reduction applications. However, the film cooling performance severely deteriorates when the hydrogen film burns due to the severe heat release sources presented near the wall. On the other hand, the boundary layer combustion of hydrocarbon film can remarkably improve its original barely satisfactory cooling and friction reduction performance to be comparable to that of the hydrogen film due to the suppression of turbulent transport processes in the mixing layer and presence of heat absorption sources near the wall.
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Key words:
- supersonic film cooling /
- hydrogen /
- hydrocarbon /
- turbulent transport processes /
- large eddy simulation
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图 2 Case 1的全域湍动能解析率的统计分布
Figure 2. The statistics of the resolved turbulent kinetic energy over the whole domain of case 1
图 6 各算例混合层中湍流相干结构
Figure 6. Turbulent coherent structures identified in the mixed layer of eachcase
图 9 各算例壁面冷却效率脉动方差的沿程分布
Figure 9. The variance of fluctuating cooling effectiveness of each case
图 10 各算例时均湍流动量通量的展向平均分布
Figure 10. The contours for mean turbulent momentum flux of each case
图 11 各算例对流动量通量与湍流动量通量沿$y = 0$的分布曲线
Figure 11. The convective and turbulent momentum flux along y = 0 of each case
图 12 各算例在点（0.05, 0, 0）处湍流动量通量的二维核密度估计
Figure 12. The 2-D kernel density estimation of turbulent momentum flux at point （0.05, 0, 0） of each case
图 13 各算例时均湍流热流通量的展向平均分布
Figure 13. The turbulent heat flux distribution at the middles slice of eachcase
图 14 各算例对流热流通量与湍流热流通量沿$y = 0$的分布曲线
Figure 14. The convective and turbulent heat flux along y = 0 of each case
图 15 各算例在点（0.05, 0, 0）处湍流热流通量的二维核密度估计
Figure 15. 2-D kernel density estimation of turbulent heat flux at point （0.05, 0, 0） of each case
表 1 主流和气膜的名义边界条件
Table 1. Nominal inlet conditions for mainstream and fuel film.
Inlet p/MPa T/K U/(m·s-1) Ma ${Y_{ {{\rm{H}}_2} } }$ ${Y_{ {{\rm{C}}_{10} }{{\rm{H}}_{22} } } }$ ${Y_{ {{\rm{O}}_2} } }$ ${Y_{ {{\rm{N}}_2} } }$ Mainstream 0.16 1623 1374 1.75 0 0 0.23 0.77 H2 film 0.16 700 2006 1 1 0 0 0 C10H22 film 0.16 700 200 1 0 1 0 0 
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表 2 算例设置
Table 2. Cases setup
Case Fuel Chemistry Label 1 C10H22 off C10-NR 2 C10H22 on C10-R 3 H2 off H2-NR 4 H2 on H2-R
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