Development of transient radiation heat flux sensorfor high enthalpy pulse wind tunnel
-
摘要: 为满足高焓脉冲风洞辐射热流测量试验需求，研制了适用于超高速瞬时流场的辐射热流传感器。该传感器以柱状薄膜热流计为基础，在薄膜敏感元表面增设了辐射吸收膜，并在热流计前端设置辐射透射窗口，实现感受辐射加热和隔离对流加热。利用脉冲激光和激波管检测了辐射热流传感器的响应特性，在气流速度约11 km/s的高焓膨胀管风洞流场中，以该传感器测量了返回舱模型迎风大底驻点的辐射热流，结果表明传感器响应快、热流测量结果合理，适用于高焓脉冲风洞辐射热流测量。Abstract: To meet the requirement of radiation heat flux measurement on aerodynamic configurations mounted in hypervelocity and short duration flows in high enthalpy impulse wind tunnels, a transient radiation heat flux sensor was developed. The radiation heat flux sensor was designed based on thin-film sensor, where a radiation absorption layer was fabricated on the thin-film and a radiation transmittable window was added in front of the sensor to insulate the convective heating. The radiation heat flux sensors were tested in laser beams and shock tube flows to examine the response characterisctics, and were tested for radiation heat flux measure-ment at the stagnation point of a re-entry capsule in a hypervelocity flow with the velocity of 11 km/s generated by the High Enthalpy Expansion Tunnel. Experimental results prove the fast response ability of the sensors and showed resonable agreement of measured radiation heat flux with predicted values, verifying the feasibility of the sensor for radiation heat flux measurement in high enthalpy pulse wind tunnels.
-
图 5 透射窗口的热流穿透深度
Figure 5. The penetration depth of heat flux through the transmission window
图 8 激光法测量的辐射热流传感器上升响应曲线
Figure 8. Rise curve of radiation heat flux sensor measured by laser method
图 11 激波管测量的辐射热流传感器上升响应曲线
Figure 11. Rise curve of radiation heat flux sensor measured in shock tube
图 13 激波管被驱动段与加速段内的激波速度分布
Figure 13. Shock velocity distribution in driven section and acceleration section
图 15 返回舱驻点热流与皮托压力测量曲线
Figure 15. Measured stagnation point heat flux of the capsule model and pitot pressure of the flow field
表 1 常用玻璃材料的透光波段
Table 1. Transmittance of commonly used glass materials
材料名称 透光波段/μm 氟化镁 0.12 ～ 7.00 氟化钙 0.17 ～ 7.80 蓝宝石 0.18 ～ 4.50 熔石英 0.19 ～ 2.50 石英晶体 0.2 ～ 2.5 H–K9L 0.33 ～ 2.10 硒化锌 0.55 ～ 19.00 硅 1.2 ～ 7.0 锗 2.0 ～ 14.0 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 氟化镁的性质
Table 2. Nature of magnesium fluoride
名称 氟化镁 类型 单晶 密度/(g·cm−3) 3.177 比热容J/(kg·k) 1003 导热系数/(W·m−1K−1) 0.3 透光波段/μm 0.12 ～ 7.00
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 激波管试验参数
Table 3. Test parameters in shock tube
p1/Pa T1/K vs /(km·s−1) T2/K p2/kPa v2/(km·s−1) 420 293 4.56 5082 96.5 4.12
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 喷管出口试验气流参数
Table 4. Test flow parameters at nozzle exit
v∞/(km·s−1) T∞/K p∞/Pa ρ∞/(kg·cm−3) H0/(MJ·kg−1) 11.0 1219 68 1.8 × 10−4 63
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 辐射热流测量及处理结果
Table 5. Results of radiation heat flux measurement
试验车次 Shot 32 Shot 37 Shot 38 Shot 39 气流速度/(km·s−1) 11.47 10.76 11.05 11.05 qr, m/(w·cm−2) 36.3 22.3 29.1 28.1 qr, s/(w·cm−2) 80.1 49.2 64.2 62.0 qr/(w·cm−2) 118.6 51.2 74.7 74.7
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 林贞彬, 黄德, 杭建, 等. 高超声速钝锥流场红外辐射实验研究[J]. 力学学报, 2006, 38(4): 446–451. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0459-1879.2006.04.003LIN Z B, HUANG D, HANG J, et al. Experimental research on infrared radiation in hypersonic flow around blunt cone[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2006, 38(4): 446–451. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0459-1879.2006.04.003 [2] 余西龙, 林贞彬, 竺乃宜, 等. 二维高超声速钝体激波层紫外辐射的实验观察[J]. 力学学报, 2003, 35(3): 321–325. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0459-1879.2003.03.010YU X L, LIN Z B, ZHU N Y, et al. Preliminary observation on ultraviolet emission spectra in non-equilibrium 2-D hypersonic blunt body shock layer flow[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2003, 35(3): 321–325. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0459-1879.2003.03.010 [3] 郭七一, 薛剑青, 张卫正, 等. 柴油机缸内瞬态辐射换热实验研究[J]. 内燃机学报, 1997, 15(2): 166–172. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0909.1997.02.005GUO Q Y, XUE J Q, ZHANG W Z, et al. Experimental study on transient radiation heat transfer in diesel engine cylinder[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 1997, 15(2): 166–172. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0909.1997.02.005 [4] 郭七一, 薛剑青, 张卫正, 等. 柴油机缸内传热和气流运动实验方法研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 1997, 17(4): 451–457. doi: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.1997.04.010GUO Q Y, XUE J Q, ZHANG W Z, et al. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and gas flow motion on the inner surface of cylinder wall in diesel engines[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 1997, 17(4): 451–457. doi: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.1997.04.010 [5] 刘明安, 潘克煜, 陈硕, 等. 柴油机缸内瞬态辐射热流传感器的研究与应用[J]. 仪表技术与传感器, 1999(7): 4–6, 18.LIU M A, PAN K Y, CHEN S, et al. Study on improvement of genetic programming based on the macro-mutation[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor, 1999(7): 4–6, 18. [6] 高天, 潘克煜, 陈飞. 直喷式柴油机缸内气体辐射传热的研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2006, 40(3): 302–306DOI: 10.3321/j.issn: 0253-987X.2006.03.013.GAO T, PAN K Y, CHEN F. Investigation on In-cylinder radiation from gases in DI diesel engine[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(3): 302–306. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-987X.2006.03.013 [7] 陈则韶, 杨宝玉, 胡芃, 等. 瞬态辐射热流计[J]. 太阳能学报, 2006, 27(8): 754–758. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-0096.2006.08.004CHEN Z S, YANG B Y, HU P, et al. Research on the transient radiant heat flow meter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2006, 27(8): 754–758. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-0096.2006.08.004 [8] 唐贵明, 袁生学, 曾远金. 激波风洞高焓流动及其驻点对流和辐射热流测量[J]. 流体力学实验与测量, 1998(1): 50–55.TANG G M, YUAN S X, ZENG Y. High enthalpy equilibrium flow and measurements of stagnation point convective and radiative heat transfer in a shock tunnel[J]. Experiments and Measurements in Fluid Mechanics, 1998(1): 50–55. [9] TANNO H, KOMURO T, LILLARD R P, et al. Experimental study of high-enthalpy heat flux augmentation in shock tunnels[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2015, 29(4): 858–862. doi: 10.2514/1.t4478 [10] CAPRA B R, MORGAN R G. Radiative and total heat transfer measurement to a Titan explorer model[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2012, 49(1): 12-25. doi: 10.2514/1.52961 [11] 龚红明, 常雨, 廖振洋, 等. 高焓膨胀管风洞性能调试试验研究[J]. 气体物理, 2022, 7(2): 32–39. doi: 10.19527/j.cnki.2096-1642.0886GONG H M, CHANG Y, LIAO Z Y, et al. Experimental performance evaluation of the high enthalpy expansion tunnel[J]. Physics of Gases, 2022, 7(2): 32–39. doi: 10.19527/j.cnki.2096-1642.0886 [12] 吕治国, 龚红明, 常雨, 等. 跨越第二宇宙速度的膨胀管风洞研制[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(S2): 138–151.LYU Z G, GONG H M, CHANG Y. Development of an expansion tunnel with gas flow speed greater than escape velocity[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(S2): 138–151. [13] 曹玉璋, 邱绪光. 实验传热学[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1998. [14] 李强, 刘济春, 孔荣宗. 耐冲刷薄膜铂电阻热流传感器研制[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2017, 31(4): 623–629. doi: 10.13382/j.jemi.2017.04.019LI Q, LIU J C, KONG R. Development of anti-erosion platinum thin film resistance thermal sensor[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017, 31(4): 623–629. doi: 10.13382/j.jemi.2017.04.019 [15] PARKER R, MaCLEAN M, HOLDEN M, et al. Shock front radiation studies at CUBRC[R]. AIAA 2010-1370, 2010. [16] PARKER R, DUFRENE A T, HOLDEN M, et al. Shock-front emission measurements at 10 km/S[R]. AIAA 2011-715, 2011. [17] TAUBER M E, SUTTON K. Stagnation-point radiative heating relations for earth and Mars entries[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 1991, 28(1): 40–42. doi: 10.2514/3.26206 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 67
- HTML全文浏览量: 67
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
