Application of typical magnetic suspension system in maglev flight wind tunnel
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摘要: 磁浮飞行风洞的运行原理是利用磁悬浮、牵引和导向技术，驱动搭载模型的磁浮平台在封闭直线管道内作高速运动。磁悬浮系统对于精确控制模型加速/匀速/减速运动、达到试验所需运动状态尤其重要。本文结合磁浮飞行风洞总体技术指标及对磁悬浮系统的要求，从运行稳定性、系统安全性、试验功能性、环境适应性、技术成熟度等方面，对比分析常导电磁悬浮、永磁电动悬浮、高温/低温超导电动悬浮和高温超导钉扎悬浮系统。常导电磁悬浮系统难以达到最高运行速度（马赫数1.0）的技术指标，暂不作为磁浮飞行风洞备选磁悬浮方案。针对磁浮飞行风洞应用场景，基于层次分析法和灰色关联度分析法建立磁悬浮系统综合决策模型。结果表明，高温超导电动悬浮系统和高温超导钉扎悬浮系统具有较好的应用潜力。Abstract: The operation principle of the maglev flight wind tunnel is to drive the model to move at high speed in a closed straight pipe through magnetic suspension. The maglev system is particularly important for accurate control of the acceleration/uniform/deceleration process of the model. This study made a comprehensive analysis of the four maglev systems, including normal conductive electromagnetic suspension (EMS), permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension (PM–EDS), high/low temperature superconducting electrodynamics suspension (HTS/LTS–EDS), and high temperature superconducting pinning levitation (HTS–PL). These several maglev systems were comprehensively analyzed from five aspects. EMS system could not meet the specification requirement of the maximum operating speed Ma = 1.0, which could not be used as an alternative maglev system for the maglev flight wind tunnel. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA), a comprehensive decision-making model of the maglev system was established for the application scenario of the maglev flight wind tunnel. Results show that the HTS–EDS and HTS–PL system have better application potential in the maglev flight wind tunnel.
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Key words:
- flight wind tunnel /
- vacuum pipeline /
- maglev /
- analytic hierarchy process /
- grey relational analysis
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表 1 判断矩阵标度及含义
Table 1. Scaling and meaning of decision matrix
重要性等级 aij值 说明 ei比ej极端重要 9 2个指标的判断差异达到可能范围内最大 ei比ej强烈重要 7 2个指标的判断差异强烈 ei比ej明显重要 5 2个指标的判断差异明显 ei比ej稍重要 3 2个指标的判断差异轻微 ei和ej同等重要 1 2个指标无判断差异 ei比ej稍不重要 1/3 2个指标的判断差异轻微 ei比ej明显不重要 1/5 2个指标的判断差异明显 ei比ej强烈不重要 1/7 2个指标的判断差异强烈 ei比ej极端不重要 1/9 2个指标的判断差异达到可能范围内最大 注：若ei和ej的差异程度介于上述2个相邻等级之间，则aij值相应取为8、6、4、2、1/2、1/4、1/6、1/8。 
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表 2 指标评价结果
Table 2. Indicator quantification value of centesimal system
指标层 永磁
电动悬浮低温超导
电动悬浮高温超导
电动悬浮高温超导
钉扎悬浮垂向运行稳定性 C B B C 侧向运行稳定性 C B B C 纵向运行稳定性 C B B B 悬浮控制系统 B D C C 抗气动力激扰 C B B C 环境与健康影响 D D A B 最高运行马赫数 A A A A 最低试验马赫数 A A A A 平台牵引性能 D C C B 环境温度适应性 A A A A 轨道平顺适应性 C A A B 真空环境热效应 B B B B 核心技术储备 B D B A 技术理论成熟度 B B B B 工程应用进展 C B C C
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