Characteristics of car body pressure load of 600 km/h maglev trains crossing in tunnel
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摘要: 随着列车速度的提升，空气动力学效应对车体压力载荷影响愈加严重，且列车隧道交会比单列车通过隧道时的空气动力学效应更加剧烈。为研究磁浮列车隧道交会时的车体压力载荷，采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型，在论证了研究方法正确性的基础上，分析了车体最大正负压值特征和车体压力最值（最大正负压值和最大压力峰峰值）分布特性，研究了隧道长度、列车速度和阻塞比对车体压力载荷的影响特性。研究结果表明：列车在通过隧道的过程中，车体所承受的最大负压值远大于最大正压值；只有当隧道长度超过一定值时，车体的最大正负压值出现在头尾车；头尾车的压力最值在隧道长度超过2 km以后保持定值，且不同速度下头尾车的最大正压值的定值基本重合，接近于“零”；隧道长度在一定范围内时，车体压力载荷与速度的二次方成正比；车体压力最值随阻塞比增大而增大。研究成果可为车体气动疲劳强度设计提供基础数据。Abstract: With the rapid increase of the train speed, aerodynamic effect has a more serious impact on the pressure load of the car body, and the trains crossing in the tunnel is more violent than that of a single train passing through the tunnel. In order to research the aerodynamic load of maglev train crossing in the tunnel, the one-dimensional unsteady compressible non-homentropic flow model method was adopted. The distribution characteristics of the maximum positive pressure, negative pressure and maximum pressure (maximum positive and negative pressure and maximum peak pressure) of the car body were analyzed and the influence characteristics of the tunnel length, speed and blocking ratio on the external pressure were researched. The results show that the maximum negative pressure value of the car body is much greater than the maximum positive pressure value during the train crossing in the tunnel; only when the tunnel length exceeds a certain value, would the maximum positive and negative pressure value of the car body appear in the head and tail train, respectively; the maximum pressure values of the head and tail cars remain constant after the tunnel length exceeds 2 km, and the maximum positive pressure values of the head and tail cars at different speeds basically coincide, which are close to “zero”; when the tunnel length is within a certain range, the maximum pressure is proportional to the square of the speed; and the maximum pressure increases linearly with the increase of the blocking ratio. The findings of this research can provide support for the car body aerodynamic fatigue strength design.
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Key words:
- high speed maglev train /
- crossing in tunnel /
- pressure load /
- one-dimensional flow model
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图 1 单列车通过隧道时的空气流动空间
Figure 1. The air flow space when a single train is passing through tunnel
图 3 一维流动模型数值计算结果与动模型试验数据对比
Figure 3. Comparison between numerical results of one-dimensional flow model and test data of moving model
图 8 列车运行轨迹和压力时间历程曲线
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of relationship between train trajectory and pressure time history curve
图 9 列车通过不同长度隧道时的最大压力之比
Figure 9. The ratio of the maximum pressure of a train passing through tunnels of different lengths
图 10 列车以不同速度通过隧道时的最大压力之比
Figure 10. The ratio of the maximum pressure of a train passing through a tunnel at different speeds
图 12 头车车体压力随隧道长度变化
Figure 12. The outside pressure of the head train varies with the length of the tunnel
图 13 尾车车体压力随隧道长度变化
Figure 13. The outside pressure of the tail train varies with the length of the tunnel
图 14 头尾车车体压力最值与速度拟合曲线
Figure 14. Fitting curves of maximum pressure and speed of the head and tail train
图 15 头尾车的压力最值随阻塞比的变化规律
Figure 15. The maximum pressure of the head and tail train varies with the blocking ratio
表 1 中南大学磁浮隧道列车数据
Table 1. Maglev tunnel data and train data of Central South University
隧道参数 列车参数 横截面积 140 m2 横截面积 11.9 m2 横截面周长 41.94 m 横截面周长 18.1 m 长度 318 m 长度 81 m 进口端局部阻力系数 0.5 车头压力损失系数 0 壁面沿程摩擦系数 0.005 车尾压力损失系数 0.00871 
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表 2 最不利隧道长度统计表
Table 2. Table of the most unfavorable tunnel lengths
速度/(km·h−1) 最不利隧道长度/m 头车 尾车 最大正压值 最大负压值 最大压力峰峰值 最大正压值 最大负压值 最大压力峰峰值 200 750 270 270 270 810 270 300 570 350 410 310 530 470 350 490 330 330 350 450 410 400 410 330 350 370 390 370 450 390 350 370 410 350 290 500 350 390 370 390 300 270 550 350 390 390 270 270 270 600 310 390 390 290 270 270
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表 3 不同隧道长度下头尾车压力最值与列车速度的幂次n的取值
Table 3. The value of the power n of the maximum pressure of head and tail train and train speed under different tunnel lengths
压力幅值 隧道长度/m n R2 最大正压值 310 2.665 99.9% 410 2.541 99.9% 510 2.224 99.9% 570 2.097 99.8% 590 2.022 99.9% 610 1.888 99.8% 630 1.735 99.1% 最大负压值 310 2.544 99.2% 330 2.278 99.2% 350 2.133 99.3% 370 1.940 99.1% 390 1.737 98.8% 630 0.833 93.4%
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表 4 头尾车压力最值与阻塞比的幂次n取值
Table 4. The value of the power n of maximum pressure of the head and tail train and blocking ratio
车厢 最大正压值 最大负压值 最大压力峰峰值 n R2 n R2 n R2 头车 1.14 99.8% 1.23 99.8% 1.21 99.8% 尾车 0.05 100% 0.99 99.6% 0.92 99.6%
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