Experimental study on the effect of microscale flow on nanoparticle diffusion in polymer solutions
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摘要: 生理介质中的纳米粒子扩散在生命演化、信息传递、药物输运等过程中至关重要。黏液、组织液、细胞质等生理介质不仅具有复杂多孔特性，还往往表现出生命活动相关的微尺度流动。流动与扩散的相互影响异常复杂，且受到生理介质的多孔特性影响。实验利用微流控技术构建高分子溶液微尺度流动环境，采用粒子追踪技术测量纳米粒子的运动，基于统计特征量表征纳米粒子的运动特性，分析微尺度流动对纳米粒子扩散的影响。结果显示，微尺度流动对流动方向和垂直于流动方向上纳米粒子扩散均产生影响；流动方向上纳米粒子扩散的受限程度减弱，呈现次扩散、布朗扩散到超扩散多阶段特征；垂直于流动方向上纳米粒子的扩散呈现近似布朗特征，但扩散系数相较于静态情形有明显提高。分析表明，高分子溶液中微尺度流动对纳米颗粒扩散的影响主要源于高分子网络结构及其动力学的改变。研究结果可为解读生理介质中纳米颗粒输运机制及纳米药物设计与输运增强应用有一定参考。Abstract: The diffusion of nanoparticles in physiological media is very important in the process of life evolution, information transmission, and drug delivery. Physiological media such as mucus, tissue fluid, and cytoplasm not only have complex porous properties, but also often exhibit microscale flows related to life activities. The interaction between flow and diffusion is extremely complex, and is affected by the porous properties of physiological media. In the experiment, the microfluidic technology is used to construct a microscale flow environment of polymer solution, the particle tracking technology is employed to measure the movement of nanoparticles, the movement characteristics of nanoparticles are then characterized based on statistical characteristics, and the effects of the microscale flow on nanoparticle diffusion are analyzed. The results show that the microscale flow has an effect on the diffusion of nanoparticles in the direction of the flow and the direction of vertical flow; the restricted degree of nanoparticle diffusion is weakened in the flow direction, showing the multi-stage characteristics of sub-diffusion, Brownian diffusion to super-diffusion; the diffusion of nanoparticles shows an approximate Brownian characteristic in the direction of vertical flow, but the diffusion coefficient is significantly higher than that of the static case. The analysis reveals that the effect of microscale flow on the nanoparticles diffusion in polymer solution is mainly due to the change of the polymer network structure and dynamics. The research results can provide a certain reference for the interpretation of the transport mechanism of nanoparticles in physiological media, and the design and transport enhancement of nano-drugs.
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Key words:
- Complex fluids /
- Microscale flow /
- Movement of nanoparticles /
- Diffusion /
- Particle tracking
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图 5 3种Pe流动条件下纳米粒子运动的典型轨迹
Figure 5. Typical trajectories of individual nanoparticles at three Pe
图 8 流动条件下纳米粒子运动的典型DPD图
Figure 8. Typical DPD diagram of nanoparticle motion under flow conditions.
图 9 流动条件下纳米粒子运动的非高斯系数随时间的变化典型曲线
Figure 9. Typical curves of non-Gaussian coefficients of nanoparticle motion under flow conditions with time
图 10 流动条件下纳米粒子运动的典型t-MSD曲线
Figure 10. Typical t-MSD curve of nanoparticle motion under flow conditions
图 11 流动分量去除后x轴和y轴方向上纳米粒子运动的遍历破坏参数随时间变化的典型曲线
Figure 11. Typical time-varied curves of ergodicity breaking parameters （EB） of nanoparticle motion at x and y axes under the condition of removing flow information
表 1 实验中流速与Pe的对应关系
Table 1. Corresponding relationship between flow velocity and Pe in experiment
流速v/（μm·s−1） Pe 1 1.9 ± 0.12 0.39 2 4.9 ± 0.17 1.08 3 1.8 ± 0.07 3.69 
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