Visualization experiment of wave dynamics in pressure oscillation tube
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摘要: 气波制冷机具有制冷效率高、可带液工作等优点。为深入研究气波制冷机核心部件压力振荡管内部波系运动，设计了一套双开口压力振荡管可视化流场测量平台，利用视场拼接和纹影技术获得气波振荡管内密度梯度场的定量表达，并与二维欧拉方程理论计算结果进行了交叉对比验证，误差为3.2%，证明基于纹影技术追踪管内复杂波系运动的方法不仅直观可视且准确可靠。基于上述方法，对不同压比和转速下的气波振荡管内波系开展了深入实验研究。实验结果表明，增加压比或转速均会提升激波马赫数。压比由1.5增至3.0时，激波强度与膨胀波强度均显著增加，强化了对管口的膨胀过程。转速由800 r/min提升至2400 r/min时，膨胀波波系运动路径逐渐向管口方向弯曲，减缓了膨胀波在管口运动的速度，增加了膨胀波对管口的作用时间。Abstract: Gas Wave Refrigerator（GWR） is a kind of equipment with strong adaptability to complex working conditions. It has the advantages of high refrigeration efficiency, and can work with liquid. The pressure oscillation tube is the core part of GWR. A visual flow field measurement platform was designed to study the wave motion inside the pressure oscillation tube. The flow field splices and the schlieren technique are used to obtain the density gradient field in the tube, and the results are compared with the theoretical calculation of the two-dimensional Euler equation. The deviation between the experiment and the simulation is 3.2%. Based on the above method, experiments with different pressure ratios and rotational speeds were carried out. The experimental results show that the shock Mach number can be increased by increasing the pressure ratio or speed. When the pressure ratio increases from 1.5 to 3.0, the intensity of the shock wave and expansion wave increases significantly. When the rotational speed increases from 800 r/min to 2400 r/min, the motion path of the expansion wave system gradually bends towards the nozzle, which prolongs the time of the expansion wave at the nozzle.
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Key words:
- pressure oscillating tube /
- wave motion /
- schlieren /
- visual experiment /
- flow field splices
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图 5 压力振荡管全局波图（α = 2，n = 1400 r/min）
Figure 5. Global wave diagram of pressure oscillation tube（α = 2, n = 1400 r/min）
图 6 纹影灰度波图（α = 1.5，n = 800 r/min）
Figure 6. Schlieren gray wave diagram （α = 1.5, n = 800 r/min）
图 7 密度梯度波图（α = 1.5，n = 800 r/min）
Figure 7. Density gradient wave diagram （α = 1.5, n = 800 r/min）
图 9 密度梯度波图对比图（α = 2，n = 1400 r/min）
Figure 9. Contrast diagram of density gradient wave diagram （α = 2, n = 1400 r/min）
图 10 中心轴线密度梯度对照曲线（x = 500 mm）
Figure 10. Central axis density gradient comparison curve （x = 500 mm）
图 11 压力对照曲线（α = 2，n = 1400 r/min）
Figure 11. Pressure comparison curve （α = 2, n = 1400 r/min）
图 13 固定转速，不同压比下波图（n = 800 r/min）
Figure 13. Wave diagram under different pressure ratios（n = 800 r/min）
图 16 激波形成位置至管口的距离与压比的关系曲线
Figure 16. Curve of shock wave maximum position and pressure ratio
表 1 实验参数
Table 1. Experimental parameters
参数名称 参数值 参数名称 参数值 管道长度 600 mm 可视段长度 450 mm 管道截面 12 × 12 mm2 喷嘴截面 32 × 15 mm2 喷嘴压力 150～300 kPa （绝压） 最大压力 110 kPa （绝压） 电机转速 800～2400 r/min 最大流量 0.4 kg/s 
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