杆式天平轴向力元件测量梁夹角优化分析

闵夫; 解真东; 戴金雯; 皮兴才; 杨彦广

doi:10.11729/syltlx20210083

杆式天平轴向力元件测量梁夹角优化分析

doi: 10.11729/syltlx20210083

1.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所，绵阳　621000
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心，绵阳　621000

详细信息

作者简介:
闵夫：（1990—），男，湖北仙桃人，硕士，工程师。研究方向：高超声速气动力试验技术，光纤传感技术。通信地址：四川省绵阳市涪城区二环路南段6号（621000）。E-mail：minfu@cardc.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：yangyanguang@cardc.cn

中图分类号: V211.72；V211.752
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- 文章访问数: 585
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-04
- 修回日期: 2021-08-27
- 录用日期: 2021-08-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-01

Optimization analysis of modified axial force element of sting balance

1.
Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang　621000, China
2.
China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang　621000, China

摘要

摘要: 针对天平轴向力受法向力干扰较大的问题，提出了一种竖直梁轴向力元件的改进结构。通过理论分析和有限元仿真，获得了轴向力/法向力作用下的轴向力元件变形情况；对结构进行受力分析，得到法向力作用下的轴向力测量梁的变形特点及变形原因。提出了一种改进的轴向力元件测量梁结构，测量梁与主梁的连接夹角为不等于90°的优化夹角，该夹角通过仿真结果中的法向力对轴向力的干扰输出与轴向力有效输出之比和该夹角的线性函数关系获得。对改进的天平轴向力元件的有限元仿真结果表明：与传统轴向力元件相比，改进结构的轴向力有效输出仅减小2.77%，但法向力对轴向力的干扰输出减小了99.32%。改进的轴向力元件具有良好的抗法向力干扰的效果，适用于具有大升阻比特性的飞行器风洞模型气动力试验要求。
- 杆式天平 /
- 轴向力元件 /
- 法向力干扰 /
- 测量梁 /
- 线性拟合
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the measuring of axial force is greatly disturbed by the normal force, a modified axial force element of sting balance is proposed. By means of theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the deformation of axial force element under axial force and normal force is obtained. Meanwhile, mechanical analysis has been carried out to get the characteristics and reasons of the deformation of the measuring beam under normal force. The deflection angle between measuring beams and main beams of the modified structure is specific, and it is not 90°, which is obtained by linear fitting between the ratio of the interference of normal force on axial force to the output of axial force and the deflection angle. Simulation result of the modified structure shows that the axial force output is only reduced by 2.77%, moreover, the interference of normal force is reduced by 99.32%, compared to the conventional axial force element. The modified axial force element can obviously reduce normal force interference on normal force, so it can be used for wind tunnel aerodynamic test with large lift-to-drag ratio requirement.
- sting balance /
- axial force element /
- normal force interference /
- measuring beam /
- linear fitting

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图 1 轴向力元件结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of an axial force element

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图 2 轴向力元件的应变计位置与惠斯通电桥

Figure 2. Position of strain gages on measuring sheets and the bridges

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图 3 轴向力/法向力作用下轴向力元件的变形（放大100倍）

Figure 3. Deformation of axial force element with 100 times magnifica-tion under axial force or normal force

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图 4 轴向力/法向力作用下的测量梁x向和y向位移仿真结果

Figure 4. Simulation results of x- and y-displacement under axial force or normal force

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图 5 轴向力/法向力作用下的测量梁受力分析

Figure 5. Force analysis of measuring sheet under axial force or normal force

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图 6 轴向力/法向力作用下测量梁改进结构的受力分析

Figure 6. Force analysis of modified measuring sheet under axial force or normal force

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图 7 网格模型与应变计仿真区域

Figure 7. Mesh model and strain gage areas of the axial force element

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图 8 轴向力/法向力作用下测量梁的输出随夹角变化的曲线

Figure 8. Axial force output with different deflection angle under axial force or normal force

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表 1 六分量载荷作用下轴向力元件测量梁应变

Table 1. Strain of axial force measuring element under six loads

	应变计编号	A=200 N	N=2000 N	C=200 N	M=50 N·m	N_b=20 N·m	L=20 N·m
应变输出/（10⁻⁶）	1	–218.10	–714.20	–11.80	–32.70	–205.90	835.00
	2	234.80	–342.70	4.20	–41.40	70.20	130.80
	3	235.20	–342.70	2.40	39.90	69.00	129.50
	4	–217.10	–712.20	13.40	32.90	–210.30	829.50
	5	–216.80	–711.30	12.00	–32.80	204.80	–830.60
	6	234.70	–342.00	–3.90	–41.10	–70.10	–130.80
	7	234.60	–344.00	–2.60	40.20	–68.00	–132.00
	8	–217.40	–713.20	–13.60	32.80	210.70	–830.50

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表 2 六分量载荷作用下轴向力元件输出

Table 2. Bridge outputs of axial force measuring element under six loads

	桥路	A=200 N	N=2000 N	C=200 N	M=50 N·m	N_b=20 N·m	L=20 N·m
电桥输出/（10⁻³）	ΔU_A1/U₀	0.453	0.371	0.003	–0.001	0.278	–0.702
	ΔU_A2/U₀	0.452	0.369	–0.002	0	–0.277	0.699
	ΔU_A	0.904	0.740	0.001	–0.001	0.001	–0.003

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表 3 测量梁与支撑梁的结构尺寸与网格尺寸

Table 3. Structure and simulation grid size of measuring sheets and supporting sheets

测量梁				支撑梁				网格参数/mm
数量	y向高度/mm	宽度/mm	厚度/mm	数量	y向高度/mm	宽度/mm	厚度/mm	应变计仿真区域	测量梁和支撑梁	主梁
2	10	5	2	12	10	5	1	0.25	0.50	2.00

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表 4 不同夹角的轴向力元件在6个分量载荷作用下的输出

Table 4. Axial force output with different deflection angle under six loads

夹角/（° ）	轴向力输出ΔU/（10⁻³）						ΔU_N/ΔU_A
夹角/（° ）	A=200 N	N=2000 N	C=200 N	M=50 N·m	N_b=20 N·m	L=20 N·m	ΔU_N/ΔU_A
85.0	0.855	−0.134	0	−0.001	0	0	−0.157
87.5	0.897	0.293	0	−0.003	0.001	−0.004	0.327
90.0	0.904	0.740	0	−0.001	0.001	−0.003	0.818
92.5	0.880	1.159	0.006	−0.003	−0.001	0.001	1.317
95.0	0.824	1.500	0	−0.001	0	0.001	1.820

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表 5 优化夹角的轴向力元件在轴向力/法向力作用下的输出

Table 5. Axial force output with optimal deflection angle under axial force or normal force

夹角/（°）	轴向力输出ΔU/（10⁻³）		ΔU_N/ΔU_A
夹角/（°）	A=200 N	N=2000 N	ΔU_N/ΔU_A
85.7	0.866	−0.017	−0.019
85.8	0.879	−0.005	−0.005

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