Research on icing wind tunnel test technology of helicopter rotor model
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摘要: 为满足我国直升机旋翼结冰风洞试验需求，中国空气动力研究与发展中心在大型多功能结冰风洞研制了直升机旋翼模型结冰试验系统，发展了旋翼模型结冰风洞试验方法和数据采集与处理方法，规范了结冰试验的流程，能够安全可靠地开展旋翼模型结冰试验研究。通过开展国内首次直升机旋翼模型结冰风洞试验，研究了典型工况下旋翼模型的结冰特性，获得了结冰过程中旋翼模型气动载荷和振动载荷变化特性。试验结果表明：随着结冰时间增加，旋翼拉力急剧下降，功率急剧增大；伴随着桨叶表面“冰脱落—生成—再脱落—再生成”过程，旋翼性能出现较大波动；旋翼桨叶表面出现冰脱落之前，试验数据重复性良好可靠。Abstract: In order to meet the needs of the wind tunnel test of helicopter rotor icing in China, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center has developed a rotor model icing test technology. A helicopter rotor model icing test system was developed in a large multi-function icing wind tunnel. The test method and data acquisition and processing method of the rotor model in the icing wind tunnel were developed. The process of the rotor model icing test was standardized, and thus the research of the rotor model icing test could be carried out safely and reliably. Through the first icing wind tunnel test of the helicopter rotor model in China, the icing characteristics of the rotor model under typical working conditions were studied, and the variation characteristics of aerodynamic load and vibration load of the rotor model during the icing process were obtained. The test results show that: with the increase of icing time, the rotor thrust decreases sharply, and the power increases sharply. With the ice shedding, growth, re-shedding and regrowth on the blade surface, the rotor performance fluctuates greatly. Before the ice shedding on the surface of the rotor blade, the test data have good repeatability and reliability.
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Key words:
- helicopter /
- rotor model /
- icing wind tunnel /
- test technology
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图 1 旋翼模型结冰试验系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of icing wind tunnel test system for rotor model
图 8 结冰工况旋翼模型振动量变化历程
Figure 8. Variation of rotor model vibration under icing condition
图 9 结冰工况旋翼性能及重复性试验结果
Figure 9. Test results of rotor performance and repeatability under icing condition
表 1 典型试验状态
Table 1. Typical test state
参数 数值 旋翼转速/（r·min–1） 1800 前进比 0.2 主轴倾角/（°） –5 风洞静温/℃ –15 液态水含量/（g·m–3） 0.70 平均水滴直径/μm 20 结冰时间/s 180 
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