飞秒激光光谱技术在燃烧领域的应用

张大源; 李博; 高强; 李中山

doi:10.11729/syltlx20170141

飞秒激光光谱技术在燃烧领域的应用

doi: 10.11729/syltlx20170141

天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室, 天津 300072

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 91541119

国家自然科学基金项目 91541203

详细信息

作者简介:
张大源(1992-), 男, 河北唐山人, 博士研究生。研究方向:燃烧激光诊断技术。通信地址:天津市天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室(300072)。E-mail:2015201040@tju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李博, E-mail:boli@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN249
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-10-30
- 修回日期: 2017-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-25

Application of femtosecond-laser spectrum technology in combustion field

State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

摘要

摘要: 基于飞秒激光的燃烧诊断技术，可实现燃烧场温度、速度、组分浓度等参数的在线测量。作为一种有效的诊断工具，飞秒激光诊断技术在燃烧领域中有着广泛的应用前景，将在提高燃烧效率和降低燃烧排放等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。本文通过综述飞秒多光子激光诱导荧光技术、飞秒激光成丝诱导非线性光谱技术以及飞秒激光电子激发示踪测速技术等飞秒激光在燃烧领域的具体应用实例，概括介绍了飞秒激光燃烧诊断技术的发展。在此基础上，对飞秒激光燃烧诊断技术在未来的发展潜力进行了分析与讨论，为相关研究人员提供参考。
- 飞秒激光燃烧诊断技术 /
- 飞秒多光子激光诱导荧光 /
- 飞秒激光成丝诱导非线性光谱 /
- 飞秒激光电子激发示踪测速
Abstract: Based on the femtosecond laser combustion diagnostic technology, the on-line measurements of temperature, velocity and component concentration in combustion flowfield can be realized. Femtosecond laser diagnostic technology is an effective diagnostic tool and has wide applications in combustion field. It plays an important role in improving combustion efficiency and reducing combustion emissions. In this paper, the authors reviewed several applications of femtosecond laser diagnostic technology in combustion field, such as femtosecond multi-photon laser-induced fluorescence (fs-MPLIF), filament-induced nonlinear spectroscopy (FINS) and femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging velocimetry (FLEET). Then the authors summarized the development of femtosecond laser combustion diagnostic technology. On this basis, the prospect of the femtosecond laser combustion diagnostic technology in the future was analyzed and discussed, which would provide reference for the relevant researchers.

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图 1 氢原子能级图

Figure 1. H energy-level diagram

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图 2 甲烷/空气预混火焰中氢原子二维成像

Figure 2. 2D-fluorescence imaging of H atoms in the flame

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图 3 甲烷/空气预混燃烧火焰中CO光谱图

Figure 3. Spectra of CO fs-TPLIF

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图 4 乙醇/空气火焰中飞秒激光成丝诱导非线性光谱、纳秒激光诱导击穿光谱和火焰自发辐射光谱对比

Figure 4. Comparison of emission spectra obtained by femtosecond filament excitation, nanosecond laser-breakdown excitation, as well as without any laser excitation

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图 5 飞秒激光在酒精灯阵列火焰中成丝照片

Figure 5. Photo of the flame on the burner array together with the laser filament

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图 6 速度测量技术分类

Figure 6. Classification of velocimetry in flowfield

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图 7 氮气能级图

Figure 7. N₂ energy-level diagram

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图 8 甲烷/空气燃烧场中FLEET测速成像图片

Figure 8. FLEET lines written at two locations in a methane/air flame

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表 1 飞秒多光子激光诱导荧光在燃烧领域中的应用

Table 1. Application of femtosecond multi-photon laser-induced fluorescence technology in combustion field

所测中间产物	激发激光		检测荧光		燃烧场		参考文献
所测中间产物	波长/nm	能级跃迁	波长/nm	能级跃迁	燃烧器	火焰	参考文献
OH	620*2	A-X	~310	A-X	Hencken燃烧器	C₂H₄/air	^[46]
H	205*2	n=1→n=3	656	n=3→n=2	Bunsen燃烧器	CH₄/O₂/N₂	^[47-50]
H	243*2+486	n=1→n=4	656	n=3→n=2	改进的McKenna燃烧器	CH₄/air	^[51]
O	226*2	2p³P→3p³P	845	3p³P→3s³S	Bunsen燃烧器	CH₄/O₂/N₂	^[52-53]
CO	230.1*2	B¹Σ⁺←X¹Σ⁺	362 ~516		Hencken燃烧器	CH₄/air	^[54-55]
Kr	212.6*2	4s²4p⁶→4s²4p⁵5p/4s²4p⁵5p′	759		自然射流喷嘴	冷态混合气	^[56]
Kr	204.1*2	4p⁶(¹s₀)→5p′[3/2]₂	826	5p′[3/2]₂→5s′[3/2]₂	自然射流喷嘴	冷态混合气	^[57]

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表 2 分子示踪测速技术分类及特点

Table 2. Classification and characteristics of molecular tagging velocimetry

技术分类			示踪粒子/分子	特点
MTV	散布示踪分子	酯类	亚硝酸特丁酯^[74]	可根据不同流场环境选择不同示踪分子，成像图片信噪比高、空间分辨率好；但散布示踪分子增加了系统的成本，且需要考虑散布分子的毒性、腐蚀性、是否会对燃烧场产生干扰等问题。
		酮类	丁二酮(磷光)^[75-78]、丙酮(荧光)^[79-80]
		金属	钠^[81]、锶^[82]
		氮氧化物	NO₂^[83-87]、NO^[88-89]
	非散布示踪分子	RELIEF	O₂^[90-93]	技术提出于20世纪80年代，并成功应用于纯氧流场中的速度测量，但在空气中的信噪比差，应用具有很大的局限性。
		APART	NO^[94-96]	应用于空气流场中不需要引入任何其他分子，但这种测速技术在应用于燃烧场时，可能会对燃烧反应造成干扰。
		OTV	O₃^[97-98]	可应用于空气流场中的速度测量，但流场的温度严重影响示踪分子O₃的浓度，进而影响测速的准确性，因此很难实现燃烧场中的速度测量。
		HTV	OH^[99-104]	已成功应用于氢气/空气燃烧场中，但示踪分子OH的浓度会受流场中O原子浓度的影响，在燃烧场中应用受限。

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附录A 文章涉及技术名称中英文对照

附录A. The technical name in both Chinese and English

全称(英文)	全称(中文)	简称
Femtosecond Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing	飞秒四波混频技术	fs-DFWM
Femtosecond Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy	飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射技术	fs-CARS
Femtosecond Multiphoton Laser-Induced Fluorescence	飞秒多光子激光诱导荧光技术	fs-MPLIF
Filament-Induced Nonlinear Spectroscopy	飞秒激光成丝诱导非线性光谱技术	FINS
Femtosecond Laser Electronic Excitation Tagging	飞秒激光电子激发示踪测速技术	FLEET
Laser-Induced Fluorescence	激光诱导荧光技术	LIF
Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence	双光子激光诱导荧光技术	TPLIF
Nanosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy	纳秒激光诱导击穿	ns-LIBS
Molecular Tagging Velocimetry	分子示踪测速技术	MTV
Electron Beam Fluorescence	电子束荧光技术	EBF
Laser-Doppler Velocimetry	激光多普勒测速技术	LDV
Phase Doppler Anemometer	相位多普勒测速技术	PDA
Particle Image Velocimetry	粒子成像测速技术	PIV
Raman Excitation Plus Laser-Induced Electronic Fluorescence	拉曼激发激光诱导电子荧光测速技术	RELIEF
Air Photolysis And Recombination Tracking	空气光解及重组示踪测速技术	APART
Ozone Tagging Velocimetry	臭氧标记测速技术	OTV
Hydroxyl Tagging Velocimetry	羟基标记测速技术	HTV
Selective Two-Photon Absorptive Resonance Femtosecond-Laser Electronic-Excitation Tagging	双光子共振吸收飞秒激光电子激发示踪测速技术	STARFLEET

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