Composite drag control and energy flux analysis for wall turbulence
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摘要:
湍流减阻的技术与机理具有重要的科学和工程意义。近年来，研究者对壁湍流的减阻策略和机理开展了多方位探索。本文回顾了摩阻的能流分析框架，该框架将摩阻系数和能量耗散率定量地结合了起来，清晰地给出了驱动能量和控制能量在相干、随机和平均流动中的耗散原理，该框架的分析思路对复杂控制情况仍然适用；介绍了展向对吹射流引发的大尺度环流减阻方法，该方法可有效地完成速度条带的卷并，抑制流向涡的生成，减弱近壁湍流强度，在摩擦雷诺数为180的槽道流中可达到最佳约19%的减阻率，实现了通过输入相干能量减小湍流随机耗散的控制目标；展示了结合大尺度环流和壁面吹吸气的复合控制方法的优势，该方法实现了远超单一控制方法的减阻效果，在摩擦雷诺数为180时达到最佳约33%的减阻率和32%的净能量节省率。在前人研究的基础上，本文检验了在含肋壁面上施加大尺度环流控制的复合方案，验证了大尺度环流控制的鲁棒性，发现壁面小肋能够在一定程度上减小大尺度环流二次涡的影响，从而有效提升壁面小肋的减阻效率。
Abstract:Drag reduction in wall flows is of both fundamental and engineering interest. Here, we review the recent developments in the drag reduction strategy and the underlying mechanism. First, the framework for energy flux analysis of drag control is reviewed, which builds up a quantitative relation between the skin-friction coefficient and the dissipation rate. The framework illustrates how the flux of pumping power and control power is distributed and dissipated by coherent, random, and mean fluid motions, applicable for complex control methods as well. Moreover, a specific large-scale control strategy by spanwise opposed wall-jet forcing is introduced, which reduces near-wall random turbulence intensities by merging velocity streaks together and hence suppressing the generation of streamwise vortices. By injecting control power from coherent motions, the spanwise forcing method achieves a maximum drag reduction rate of approximately 19% in the channel flow at a friction Reynolds number of 180. Furthermore, a composite control method combining large-scale control and opposed wall blowing/suction together, yields approximately 33% drag reduction and 32% net power saving at the same Reynolds number, both higher than that of the individual control method. Finally, we show that applying the large-scale control over riblets, the control efficacy is much higher than that of the riblets alone, hence demonstrating the robustness of the large-scale control method.
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