Development and experimental analysis of circular foil pressure-heat flux gage
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摘要: 针对长时间变轨道试验的热流测量需求，基于传统戈登计发展了一种可同时测量热流和压力的圆箔压力热流计。开展了辐射热流标定试验、电弧风洞平板比对试验和数值计算分析。新研制的圆箔压力热流计能够在电弧风洞多状态连续试验中同时同点位测得平板模型表面热流和压力，热流和压力测量重复性精度分别约为3.6%和1.9%；与塞块量热计相比，热流测量值平均偏低约14.7%。其原因在于：对流测量环境中圆箔压力热流计的热流灵敏度系数减小；康铜片温度相对过高，形成局部热点，导致实际进入圆箔压力热流计的热流减小。最后给出了圆箔压力热流计和传统戈登计测量对流热的使用建议。Abstract: Based on the demand of heat flux measurement in the continuous test of vehicle changing orbit, the circular foil pressure-heat flux gage that also can get pressure is developed on the basis of the traditional Gardon gage. The thermal radiation calibration test, the different plate comparison tests in the arc-heated wind tunnel, and numerical calculation analysis are carried out. The results show that the new circular foil pressure-heat flux gage can simultaneously get heat flux and pressure at the same point of the plate model in the multistate continuous arc-heated wind tunnel test. Repeatability accuracy of heat flux and pressure measurement are about 3.6% and 1.9% respectively. Compared with the slug calorimeter, the heat flux value measured by the circular foil pressure-heat flux gage is lower than 14.7%. There are two main reasons for the discrepancy. On one hand, the gage sensitivity coefficient decreases in the convective measurement environment; on the other hand, the incident heat flux of the gage decreases because the temperature of the constantan foil is relatively high so that a local hot spot is formed. Finally, some suggestions for the use of the new circular foil pressure-heat flux gage and traditional Gardon gage are given.
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图 8 计算模型和State 1的速度云图
Fig. 8 Numerical calculation model and velocity nephogram of State 1
表 1 试验状态参数
Table 1 Test status parameter
状态 总焓/（kJ·kg−1） 总压/kPa 平板迎角/（°） State 1 3060 607 0 State 2 3740 883 0 State 3 3820 1460 0 
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表 2 1#测点测量结果
Table 2 Measurement results of 1# test point
状态 热流/（kW·m−2） 压力/kPa Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 State 1 413 427 436 17.5 17.5 17.4 State 2 718 700 730 25.8 25.5 25.2 State 3 1086 1064 1144 41.0 40.8 40.3
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表 3 不同网格计算结果
Table 3 Calculation results by different grids
网格 第一层网格
高度/mm平板监测热流/（kW·m−2） 20000步 21000步 22000步 Grid 1 0.01 431.1 431.1 431.1 Grid 2 0.001 1006.7 1006.7 1006.7 Grid 3 0.0005 1012.4 1012.4 1012.4
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表 4 测量值与计算值对比
Table 4 Measurement results versus numerical calculation results
状态 平均压力/kPa 平均热流/（kW·m−2） 计算值 传统压力
孔测量值圆箔计
测量值计算值 塞块量热
计测量值圆箔计
测量值State 1 13.39 15.7 15.5 472 447 370 State 2 20.2 21.4 22.2 817 713 603 State 3 31.4 36.3 35.8 1213 1062 924 平均值 21.7 24.4 24.5 834 741 632
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