小攻角下锯齿尾缘翼型噪声控制与机理分析

Noise control of serrated trailing edge airfoil under small incidence angle

  • 摘要: 受猫头鹰寂静飞行能力的启发,锯齿尾缘设计被认为是一种有效的控制湍流边界层−尾缘干涉噪声的方法。本文采用隐式大涡模拟法,详细研究了嵌入式锯齿尾缘对NACA 0012翼型绕流的近场流动和噪声特性的影响,雷诺数为9.6 \times 10^4,远场马赫数为0.1631,攻角为4°,计算采用的非结构化网格具有约7000万的自由度。在实际计算时,为促进流动快速转捩,在直尾缘和锯齿尾缘算例的翼型表面均布置了锯齿形粗糙元转捩带。研究结果表明:相比于0°攻角状态,4^ \circ 攻角下的噪声辐射增强,主辐射方向发生偏转,在该方向上锯齿尾缘实现了约2.5 dB的降噪,且在小攻角(4°)下,锯齿也会诱导出有利于降噪的侧边涡对结构。针对壁面压力脉动的分析表明:锯齿主要改变了尾缘附近的时空关联特性,且压力场不能直接由现有针对速度场的Taylor或椭圆近似模型定量描述;此外,锯齿在抑制尾缘噪声的同时,对翼型气动性能造成了一定损失。

     

    Abstract: Inspired by the silent flight capability of owls, the serrated trailing edge design is considered as an effective method to reduce the turbulent boundary layer-trailing edge interference noise. In this study, the near-field flow and noise characteristics of a NACA 0012 airfoil with additional serrated trailing edges are investigated in detail using an implicit large eddy simulation approach with Reynolds number Re = 9.6 \times 10^4, far-field Mach number Ma = 0.1631, and angle of attack \alpha = 4^ \circ . The simulation adopts unstructured grids with 70 million degrees of freedom. In this particular calculation, a small sawtooth-shaped rough strip is added to the airfoil surface to facilitate the fast transition to turbulence for both straight and serrated trailing edge cases. At an angle of attack of 4°, an increase in noise radiation is observed with respect to that at an angle of attack of 0°, with a deflection of the primary radiation direction and a noise reduction of about 2.5 dB in this direction. The flow analysis shows that the sawtooth induces the regularly distributed vortex pair structures at its sides, which facilitates noise reduction in the far-field. The analysis of the wall pressure fluctuation shows that the sawtooth mainly changes the space-time correlation properties near the trailing edges, and the space-time correlation properties of the pressure cannot be described by the existing velocity-based Taylor or elliptical correlation models. In addition, the sawtooth suppresses the noise radiation while causing some loss to the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil.

     

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