Simulation evaluation of aero-structure interaction for moving model in maglev flight tunnel
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摘要: 磁浮飞行风洞是一种“体动风静”的新概念空气动力试验设备。模型在长直线密闭管道中高速运动过程的气动特性复杂，会对周围流场产生强烈的扰动，涉及到波系传播和气动与结构之间的单向耦合问题。本文从气动结构耦合仿真的角度，对磁浮飞行风洞试验过程中模型高速运动所产生的非定常气动特性进行了分析和评估，基于一种新型时空守恒元和解元（CE/SE）方法耦合求解了管道内模型周围的三维可压缩流场变化，获得了模型高速运动过程的气动力参数变化、波系传播特性及管道内压力分布，并开展了多孔介质消波材料参数仿真设计分析，为磁浮飞行风洞消波措施设计等提供支撑。Abstract: The maglev flight tunnel is a novel concept aerodynamics test facility, in which the high speed translation of the moving model in the long straight closed tunnel would induce extremely complicated aerodynamic characteristics. The motion of model’s fast acceleration, deceleration and constant speed moving have strong interference to the surrounding fluid field, causing wave propagation problems and the aero-structure single way coupling problems. The unsteady characteristics originated from the high speed moving of the model in the maglev flight tunnel are investigated and evaluated from the view of aero-structure coupling. Based on the new CE/SE method, the 3D surrounding compressible fluid of the moving model in tunnel is solved, and the aerodynamic parameters variations, wave propagation characteristics and the pressure distribution in the tunnel are obtained. Simulation design analysis of parameters for porous medium wave absorbing materials is conducted, which could provide a support for the key technical problems like wave absorbing construction design of the maglev flight tunnel.
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图 1 磁浮飞行风洞磁浮平台及管道截面组合模型图
Fig. 1 Combined model between maglev platform and tunnel section of maglev flight tunnel
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图 9 工况1管道内各横截面压力变化曲线
Fig. 9 Pressure vs. time curves of tunnel sections for condition 1
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图 10 工况2管道内各横截面的压力变化曲线
Fig. 10 Pressure vs. time curves of tunnel sections for condition 2
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图 11 工况1模型运动过程气动阻力随时间变化曲线
Fig. 11 Aerodynamic drag vs. time curve during model moving for condition 1
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图 12 工况2模型运动过程气动阻力随时间变化曲线
Fig. 12 Aerodynamic drag vs. time curve during model moving for condition 2
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图 14 模型运动不同时刻Schlieren数分布云图
Fig. 14 Schlieren contours for model moving at different times
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图 16 工况1管道末端截面选取单元的压力变化曲线
Fig. 16 Pressure vs. time of choosing elements for condition 1
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图 18 无多孔介质时压缩波的传播特性
Fig. 18 Compression wave propagation characteristics without porous medium
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图 19 多孔介质黏性系数为5.6 × 108 m−2时压缩波的传播特性
Fig. 19 Compression wave propagation characteristics at viscous factor 5.6 × 108 m−2
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图 20 黏性系数1 × 107 m−2时压缩波传播特性
Fig. 20 Compression wave propagation characteristics at viscous factor 1 × 107 m−2
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图 21 无多孔介质、有高/低黏性多孔介质时监测点的时域压力变化曲线
Fig. 21 Time-domain pressure change curve of monitoring point without porous medium and with high/low viscosity porous medium
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图 22 多孔介质黏性系数为2 × 107 m−2时的监测点压力变化曲线
Fig. 22 Variation curve of monitoring point’s pressure at viscous factor 2 × 107 m−2
表 1 仿真工况参数
Table 1 List of simulation conditions
工况 速度/(m·s−1) 动压/Pa 密度/(kg·m−3) 1 170 101325 1.25 2 340 101325 1.25 
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时间/s 仿真方法 压力/Pa 差异 阻力/N 差异 4 FSI 102445 1.58% 12870 4.8% CFD 100826 12252 5 FSI 107754 1.92% 13100 2.02% CFD 105682 12835 6 FSI 97680 5.26% 13250 1.49% CFD 92543 13052 8 FSI 106652 2.09% 13410 0.95% CFD 104421 13283 10 FSI 101345 0.68% 12710 1.27% CFD 100652 12548
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