Thermophysical properties research progress of ferroelastic RETaO4 ceramics
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摘要: 工作温度是决定航空发动机、燃气轮机和高超声速飞行器发动机等大国重器的燃油利用效率和能量转换效率的关键因素。热障涂层(Thermal Barrier Coatings,TBCs)材料主要应用于高温合金零部件表面隔热降温,以提高合金零部件的工作温度。当前使用的热障涂层材料氧化钇稳定氧化锆(Yttria Stabilized Zirconia,YSZ)存在热导率高、热膨胀系数失配和工作温度低等问题,无法满足应用需求,亟需开发新一代低热导、高工作温度和长寿命的热障涂层材料。稀土锆酸盐、稀土磷酸盐、稀土硅酸盐、稀土铝酸盐和稀土铈酸盐等陶瓷材料存在断裂韧性不足、热膨胀系数低和高温相稳定性差等问题,无法取代YSZ成为新一代超高温热障涂层材料。铁弹性稀土钽酸盐RETaO4(RE代表稀土元素)陶瓷具有独特的铁弹性相变增韧、低热导率、高热膨胀系数和低杨氏模量等特点,被作为下一代超高温热障涂层材料进行了广泛研究。本文总结了此类稀土钽酸盐陶瓷在热学、力学和结构等方面的研究进展,主要包括晶体结构、微观组织以及力学(硬度、模量和声速)和热学(热导率、热膨胀系数和高温相稳定性)性质等,探讨其作为下一代超高温热障涂层材料的可能性,为未来研究提供参考。Abstract: Working temperature is essential for the gas efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of multifarious aero engines, gas turbines, and hypersonic vehicle engines. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used in the high-temperature alloy components of aforementioned machines to provide thermal insulation and increase their working temperature. The most applied TBC is yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), but it can no longer meet the demands of current industry due to its high thermal conductivity, mismatching thermal expansion coefficients (TECs), and insufficient working temperature. It is urgent for scholars to investigate the next-generation TBC materials having low thermal conductivity, long lifetime, and high working temperature. The low fracture toughness, low TECs, weak high-temperature phase stability, and other weaknesses inhibit RE2Zr2O7, REPO4, RE2SiO5, RE2Ce2O7, and RE–Al–O oxides from being applied as TBCs. Ferroelastic rare earth tantalates (RETaO4) are considered as the next-generation TBCs with ultra-high working temperature based on their unique ferroelastic toughening, low thermal conductivity, high TECs, and low Young’s modulus. This paper reviews the thermophysical properties of RETaO4 ceramics, including their crystal structures, microstructures, and mechanical/thermal properties (hardness, acoustic velocity, modulus, thermal conductivity, TECs, phase stability, and so on). It is believed that RETaO4 ceramics are candidate TBCs with high working temperature, and this paper provides scholars with some suggestions and future investigation directions on these series ceramics.
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Key words:
- TBCs /
- rare earth tantalates /
- ferroelasticity /
- TECs /
- thermal conductivity /
- mechanical properties
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表 1 不同氧化物陶瓷热障涂层材料的特性[3, 9-10, 12-18, 24-41]
Table 1. Thermo-physical properties of various oxide ceramic TBCs [3, 9-10, 12-18, 24-41]
材料 kmin /(W·K−1·m−1) k /(W·K−1·m−1) α/(10−6 K−1) E/GPa YSZ ~1.5 2.0~3.5 10.0~12.0 ~240 RE2Zr2O7 1.0~1.3 1.0~2.5 9.0~10.0 170~200 RE2Si2O7 1.0~1.2 4.3~5.2 — 162~178 RE2Sn2O7 1.2~1.3 3.0~5.7 8.3~9.3 243~280 RE2SiO5 0.9~1.3 1.5~3.6 7.2~9.0 135~172 REPO4 1.1~1.3 2.9~3.6 8.9~11.8 133~172 RE4Zr3O12 1.1~1.3 1.5~3.7 9.0~11.2 220~260 REMgAl11O19 1.2~1.5 1.71~2.81 9.0~10.9 270~280 RE4Hf3O12 1.0~1.2 1.62~3.52 9.4~10.6 200~290 Ba6RE2Al4O15 0.9~1.3 0.98~2.46 11.8~13.6 100~130 La2Ce2O7 1.0 1.9 12.0 ~200 Aluminates 1.0~1.6 2.1~10.0 — 151~290 ABO3 1.0~1.8 1.0~5.2 8.7~11.5 236~291 RE3NbO7 0.8~1.2 1.0~2.3 6.0~11.2 101~200 RETa3O9 0.9~1.2 1.2~2.8 4.0~9.8 100~180 RE3TaO7 0.9~1.1 0.9~1.6 9.1~11.2 120~260 RETaO4 1.0~1.2 1.1~6.8 5.6~11.0 110~270 表 2 稀土钽酸盐RETaO4陶瓷晶格多面体中RE—O和Ta—O化学键键长及畸变程度随稀土元素种类和晶体结构类型的变化[40, 59]
Table 2. The variation trend of RE—O and Ta—O chemical bond lengths and distortion degree of polyhedrons in conjunction with the change of RE elements and crystal structures of RETaO4 ceramics [40, 59]
RE 化学键 多面体 键长/10−10 m 平均键长/10−10 m 畸变程度 Nd Ta—O [TaO4] 1.9773 1.7866 1.9773 1.7866 1.8819 2.566 Nd—O [NdO8] 2.5722 2.5099 2.4568 2.4046 2.4858 0.626 Sm Ta—O [TaO4] 2.0052 1.9281 2.0052 1.9281 1.9666 0.384 Sm—O [SmO8] 2.5355 2.4919 2.3088 2.1859 2.3805 3.500 Eu Ta—O [TaO4] 1.9756 1.9723 1.9756 1.9723 1.9739 0 Eu—O [EuO8] 2.5148 2.4300 2.3117 2.1722 2.3572 2.989 Gd Ta—O [TaO4] 1.9130 1.8256 1.9130 1.8256 1.8693 0.546 Gd—O [GdO8] 2.5283 2.5089 2.3457 2.3009 2.4209 1.678 Dy Ta—O [TaO4] 1.9400 1.8173 1.9400 1.8173 1.9249 1.066 Dy—O [DyO8] 2.4257 2.4172 2.3361 2.1902 2.3423 1.628 Ho Ta—O [TaO4] 1.9326 1.9317 1.9326 1.9317 1.9321 0 Ho—O [HoO8] 2.3881 2.3626 2.3660 2.3157 2.3581 0.125 Y Ta—O [TaO4] 2.0646 1.9377 2.0646 1.9377 2.0011 1.005 Y—O [YO8] 2.3352 2.3049 2.2688 2.2245 2.2833 0.327 Er Ta—O [TaO4] 2.0074 1.8425 2.0074 1.8425 1.9249 1.834 Er—O [ErO8] 2.5443 2.4575 2.3935 2.2659 2.4153 1.766 Yb Ta—O [TaO6] 1.9198 1.9832 2.4842 2.1291 2.990 Yb—O [YbO8] 2.1266 2.1989 2.2744 2.5605 2.2901 1.180 Lu Ta—O [TaO6] 1.9302 1.9649 2.4463 2.1138 2.620 Lu—O [LuO8] 1.9789 2.2265 2.4657 2.5937 2.3162 2.390 Sc Ta—O [TaO6] 1.9614 2.0218 2.1531 2.0454 0.310 Sc—O [ScO6] 2.0380 2.0707 2.0723 2.0603 0.010 表 3 实验测得的稀土钽酸盐RETaO4陶瓷的力学性质[40, 59]
Table 3. Mechanical properties of RETaO4 obtained via experiments [40, 59]
RE va /(m·s–1) vl /(m·s–1) vt /(m·s–1) E/GPa G/GPa B/GPa TD /K γ υ Nd 3056 5111 2632 178 68 148 386 1.77 0.30 Sm 2937 4878 2631 171 66 139 373 1.80 0.31 Eu 3031 6022 2716 175 67 139 388 1.71 0.29 Gd 2715 5152 2412 154 48 129 347 2.22 0.36 Dy 2735 4876 2438 135 51 135 352 1.97 0.33 Ho 2474 4511 2201 137 51 146 325 2.08 0.34 Er 2662 4718 2374 128 46 126 345 1.98 0.33 Y 2742 5172 2438 138 51 156 354 2.13 0.35 Yb 2523 4155 2262 122 47 96 329 1.70 0.29 Lu 2530 4193 2266 124 48 100 331 1.73 0.29 Sc 4009 6524 3597 268 102 227 527 1.80 0.30 材料体系 x E/GPa B/GPa G/GPa TD /K va /(m·s−1) γ (Y1-xDyx)TaO4 1/6 128 128 48 351 2872 1.95 2/6 130 114 49 350 2863 1.91 3/6 124 123 46 346 2735 1.89 4/6 123 131 45 340 2675 1.95 5/6 126 107 48 341 2718 1.88 (Y1-xYbx)TaO4 1/6 132 141 51 350 2980 2.01 2/6 135 142 51 345 2800 2.03 3/6 141 145 50 347 2780 2.02 4/6 104 80 42 335 2577 1.61 5/6 120 91 45 343 2715 1.61
ZrO2-DyTaO43 129 97 50 350 2880 1.98 6 130 98 51 355 2900 1.99 9 131 99 51 356 2915 1.96 12 132 100 52 353 2931 1.97 15 134 102 52 360 2956 1.95 Y(Ta1-xNbx)O4 1/6 133 144 50 419 2972 2.10 2/6 131 139 49 427 3030 2.07 3/6 123 135 46 424 3018 2.11 4/6 122 122 46 435 3095 2.00 5/6 121 132 45 446 3180 2.10 -
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