Measurement investigation of rotational temperature and vibrational temperature in hypersonic wind tunnel rarefied flow field
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摘要: 稀薄流场中的转动温度、振动温度不一致是热力学非平衡的具体表现，采用电子束荧光技术这一非接触测量手段可测量稀薄流场转动温度和振动温度。本文介绍了电子束荧光技术测量稀薄流场转动温度、振动温度的基本原理和方法，给出了在Φ0.3米高超声速低密度风洞开展喷管出口稀薄流场转动温度、振动温度的测量结果。重复性测量结果表明：转动温度最大相对不确定度为0.26%，振动温度最大相对不确定度为0.8%；M12、M16锥形喷管出口截面上的转动温度和振动温度结果分布体现了锥形喷管膨胀流动的特点，各喷管三个状态的测量结果表明随稀薄度增加，振动温度与转动温度的偏差越大，热力学非平衡现象越突出。Abstract: The inconsistency of rotational temperature and vibrational temperature in the rarefied flow field is a concrete manifestation of thermodynamic non-equilibrium. The non-intrusive measurement method of rotational temperature and vibrational temperature in the rarefied flow field can be measured by the Electron Beam Fluorescence (EBF) technique. The basic principle and measurement method of EBF were introduced in this paper. Experiment was carried out in the M12 and M16 conical nozzle of the Φ0.3m hypersonic low density wind tunnel. The rotational temperature maximum relative uncertainty is 0.26% and the vibrational temperature maximum relative uncertainty is 0.8% from the analysis of repetitive measurement results. The distribution of rotational temperature and vibrational temperature on the exit section of the M12 and M16 conical nozzle reflects the characteristics of expansion flow of the conical nozzle. The measurement results of three states of each nozzle show that with the increase of rareness, the larger the deviation between the vibrational temperature and the rotational temperature is, the more prominent the thermodynamic non-equilibrium phenomenon appears.
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图 2 电子枪在风洞实验段顶部
Fig. 2 Electron gun at the top of low density wind tunnel test section
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图 10 高超声速低密度流场中的电子束荧光照片
Fig. 10 EBF photo in hypersonic low density flow (M12、p0=2 MPa、T0=600 K)
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图 12 转动温度分布10次重复性测量结果（Case2）
Fig. 12 Ten measurements results of rotational temperature (Case2)
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图 13 转动温度测量的相对不确定度分布（Case2）
Fig. 13 Relative uncertainty distribution of rotational temperature (Case2)
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图 14 M12喷管出口三个截面转动温度分布（Case1）
Fig. 14 Rotational temperature distribution of three sections (Case1)
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图 15 M12喷管出口X=100 mm截面转动温度分布（Case1/2/3）
Fig. 15 Rotational temperature distribution of X=100 mm section (Case1/2/3)
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图 17 振动温度7次重复测量结果（Case1）
Fig. 17 Seven measurements results of vibrational temperature (Case1)
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图 18 振动温度测量的相对不确定度分布（Case1）
Fig. 18 Relative uncertainty distribution of vibrational temperature (Case1)
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图 19 M16喷管出口X=100 mm截面振动温度分布（Case4/5/6）
Fig. 19 Vibrational temperature distribution of X=100 mm section (Case4/5/6)
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图 20 喷管出口热力学非平衡程度随平均自由程λ的变化
Fig. 20 Thermal nonequilibrium varies with λ of nozzle exit
表 1 室温静态转动温度测量结果
Table 1 Tr result at room temperature (K)
Tr Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Run 1 304.9 300.2 297.7 291.95 Run 2 303.2 298.5 295 297.45 Run 3 296.9 297.9 300.8 301.83 Average 301.65 298.85 297.81 297.08 Deviation 0.88% −0.05% −0.39% −0.64% 
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表 2 风洞实验状态参数表
Table 2 Experimental parameters of wind tunnel
Serial 名义M p0/MPa T0/K Case1 12 0.3 600 Case 2 12 1 600 Case 3 12 2 600 Case 4 16 0.6 930 Case 5 16 1 930 Case 6 16 2 930
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表 3 转动温度和振动温度测量结果
Table 3 Experimental results of Tr and Tv
Serial λ/cm Tv/K Tr/K Tv−Tr/K Case1 0.0240 317.53 22.77 294.76 Case2 0.0077 266.83 23.92 242.91 Case3 0.0040 267.96 31.97 235.99 Case4 0.0529 520.57 22.63 497.94 Case5 0.0327 507.41 21.27 486.14 Case6 0.0184 447.69 21.48 426.21
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