汽车外后视镜造型对气动和噪声影响的风洞实验研究

付威; 王勋年; 李勇

doi:10.11729/syltlx20210187

汽车外后视镜造型对气动和噪声影响的风洞实验研究

付威^1,,
王勋年²,
李勇^{1, 3, ,}

1.
温州大学机电工程学院，温州　325035
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心气动噪声控制重点实验室，绵阳　621000
3.
温州大学平阳智能制造研究院，温州　325400

基金项目: 气动噪声控制重点实验室开放基金项目（1901ANCL20190105）

详细信息

作者简介:
付威: （1997—），男，江西南昌人，硕士研究生。研究方向：汽车风噪与空气动力学。通信地址：浙江省温州市瓯海区茶山街道温州大学南校区机电工程学院6B105（325035）。E-mail：fw_1226@126.com

通讯作者:
李勇: E-mail：yli@wzu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V211.7; U463.85
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-16
- 修回日期: 2022-03-02
- 录用日期: 2022-05-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-24

Wind tunnel experimental study on aerodynamics and noise based on the influence of automobile rearview mirror shapes

FU Wei^1,,
WANG Xunnian²,
LI Yong^{1, 3, ,}

1.
School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou　325035, China
2.
Key Lab of Aerodynamic Noise Control, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang　621000, China
3.
Pingyang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou　325400, China

摘要

摘要: 为降低由汽车后视镜带来的气动噪声，本文以一简化汽车外后视镜模型为基础模型，提出3个不同造型改进方案：A造型模型镜身倾斜15°；B造型模型镜身倾斜30°；C造型模型将原圆柱形底座改为椭柱形底座。对4款造型外后视镜模型进行风洞实验研究，分析流场、空气阻力和壁面脉动压力随造型改变的规律。气动特性（流场和阻力）采用粒子图像测速仪 (PIV) 和六分量动态天平测量，声学特性采用壁面麦克风对侧窗平板的湍流脉动进行测量。研究结果表明：3个造型改进方案均可在不同程度上改善外后视镜尾迹区域流场品质，有效降低空气阻力和气动噪声。其中B模型阻力系数较基础模型降低18.4%，壁面脉动压力总声压级在中低频段可降低4.6 dB；C模型可降低阻力系数7.5%，总声压级可降低4.3 dB。
- 汽车外后视镜 /
- 空气阻力 /
- 脉动压力 /
- 气动噪声 /
- 风洞实验 /
- 流场显示
Abstract: To reduce the aerodynamic noise caused by automobile rearview mirrors, a simplified rearview mirror model was taken as the research object, and three different modeling improvement schemes were proposed: model A tilts the mirror body at 15°; model B tilts the mirror body at 30°; model C changes the cylindrical base to an elliptical base. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out on the models to analyze the variation rules of the flow field, drag, and wall pressure fluctuation with the change of the model. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) and six-component balance were used to measure the aerodynamic characteristics including the flow field and drag, and the wall microphone was applied to measure the acoustic characteristics. The results show that all three schemes can improve the flow quality in the wake area of the rearview mirror, effectively reducing the drag and the generation of aerodynamic noise. Compared to the base model, the drag coefficient and the overall sound pressure level of the wall pressure fluctuation of model B can be reduced by 18.4% and 4.6 dB in the low-mid frequency range. For model C, the corresponding results are 7.5% and 4.3 dB, respectively. The research results are beneficial for engineers in the aerodynamic and acoustic design of automobile rearview mirrors.
- automobile rearview mirror /
- aerodynamic drag /
- fluctuating pressure /
- aerodynamic noise /
- wind tunnel experiment /
- flow field visualization

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图 1 基准模型

Fig. 1 Baseline model

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图 2 改进模型

Fig. 2 Improved model

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图 3 基础模型与模型C底部支撑柱横截面的差异

Fig. 3 Diagram of difference between baseline model and model C on a cross-section of the support column

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图 4 模型实物图

Fig. 4 Real models

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图 5 模型安装示意图

Fig. 5 Model installation diagram

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图 6 截面分析示意图

Fig. 6 Diagram of section analysis

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图 7 PIV实验布置图

Fig. 7 PIV experiment layout

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图 8 壁面压力监测点布置示意图

Fig. 8 Schematic layout of wall pressure monitoring points

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图 9 六分量天平安装示意图

Fig. 9 Schematic installation of six-component balance

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图 10 基础模型监测点频谱分析

Fig. 10 Spectrum analysis of monitoring points of baseline

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图 11 不同模型在监测点3、4的频谱对比图

Fig. 11 Spectrum comparison map of monitoring points 3 and 4 in different models

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图 12 不同模型在监测点10、11的频谱对比图

Fig. 12 Spectrum comparison map of monitoring points 10 and 11 in different models

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图 13 不同模型在监测点17、18的频谱对比图

Fig. 13 Spectrum comparison map of monitoring points 17 and 18 in different models

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图 14 纵截面流线对比图

Fig. 14 Comparison of streamlines in longitudinal section

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图 15 横截面1流线对比图

Fig. 15 Comparison of streamlines in cross section 1

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图 16 横截面2流线对比图

Fig. 16 Comparison of streamlines in cross section 2

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图 17 纵截面涡强及矢量场分布对比图

Fig. 17 Comparison of vortex intensity and vector field distribution in longitudinal section

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图 18 横截面1涡强及矢量场分布对比图

Fig. 18 Comparison of vortex intensity and vector field distribution in cross section 1

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图 19 横截面2涡强及矢量场分布对比图

Fig. 19 Comparison of vortex intensity and vector field distribution in cross section 2

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图 20 横截面2上POD第一模态y方向分布对比图

Fig. 20 Comparison of first POD mode （mode-1） associated with the vertical fluctuating for flows over four models

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图 21 模型C横截面2的POD第二模态及矢量场分布对比图

Fig. 21 Second POD mode （mode-2） associated with the streamwise and vertical fluctuating for flows over model C

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图 22 4个模型在横截面2上的POD模态动能百分比

Fig. 22 Percentage of kinetic energy held by the POD modes for the four models on the cross section-2

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图 23 不同模型阻力值

Fig. 23 The drag values of different models

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图 24 不同模型阻力系数值

Fig. 24 The drag coefficient of different models

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表 1 第一排3个监测点总声压级对照表

Table 1 Comparison table of overall sound pressure level of three monitoring points in the first row

单位：dB
监测点	3	4	5
背景压力	115.6	111.9	114.6
基础模型	127.4	126.4	127.6
模型 A	125.4	124.8	126.1
模型 B	124.3	123.8	124.7
模型 C	123.2	123.4	123.3

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表 2 第二排3个监测点总声压级对照表

Table 2 Comparison table of overall sound pressure level of three monitoring points in the second row

单位：dB
监测点	10	11	12
背景压力	113.4	112.7	113.8
基础模型	126.7	125.0	126.9
模型 A	124.3	124.7	125.7
模型 B	122.8	123.5	124.1
模型 C	122.1	123.1	122.8

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表 3 第三排3个监测点总声压级对照表

Table 3 Comparison table of overall sound pressure level of three monitoring points in the third row

单位：dB
监测点	17	18	19
背景压力	112.5	113.0	113.8
基础模型	126.5	124.4	126.3
模型 A	122.7	122.9	123.3
模型 B	120.5	122.1	121.3
模型 C	121.2	122.5	122.0

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表 4 各改进模型与基础模型总声压级在不同频率范围内的差值

Table 4 Overall sound pressure level differences between the modified models and the generic simple model

单位：dB
	20～500 Hz频段	20～10⁴ Hz频段
ΔL_sp1（模型 A−基础模型）	−3.0	−1.9
ΔL_sp2（模型 B−基础模型）	−4.6	−3.3
ΔL_sp3（模型 C−基础模型）	−4.3	−3.7

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表 5 模型阻力实验值

Table 5 Test values of models drag

单位：N
实验次数	基础模型	模型 A	模型 B	模型 C
1	4.229	3.733	3.489	3.911
2	4.257	3.739	3.478	3.930
3	4.262	3.768	3.476	3.953
4	4.277	3.760	3.479	3.965
5	4.287	3.784	3.480	3.983
均值	4.262	3.757	3.480	3.948

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