Active turbulence simulation study of wind loads on standard low-rise building
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摘要: 采用主动与被动湍流相结合的方法，在阵风风洞中模拟了不同湍流强度和湍流积分尺度的流场，开展了1：50低矮建筑标准模型测压试验研究。针对气流分离再附流动作用下的屋面中轴线区域和锥形涡作用下的屋面角部边缘区域，着重分析了不同来流湍流强度和顺风向湍流积分尺度影响下的风压变化规律。研究结果表明：湍流强度对气流分离作用下的迎风屋面屋檐区域以及锥形涡作用下的屋面角部边缘区域的平均风压系数、脉动风压系数和峰值负压系数均有显著影响；而湍流积分尺度对这些区域的平均风压系数影响甚微，脉动风压系数和峰值负压系数(绝对值)随湍流积分尺度的增大而有所增大。Abstract: This paper presents model scale tests for 1:50 geometrical scale laboratory modeling for the Texas Tech University (TTU) test building in a gust wind tunnel. This tunnel is able to add low frequency turbulence components for generation of large-scale turbulent flows by the conventional passive simulation technique or a technique combining active and passive turbulence generation devices. This paper mainly studies the effects of the turbulence integral length scale and turbulence intensity on wind-induced pressures on the flat roof of TTU full scale building. The results imply that the turbulence intensity has significant influence on the mean wind pressure coefficients at the leading edge of the flat roof under the separation bubble and in the corner zone for the conical vortex flow regime. Meanwhile, the turbulence intensity plays a predominant role in producing the fluctuation and peak pressure at the leading edge or in the corner area. On the other hand, the turbulence integral length scale has no noticeable influence on the mean wind pressure coefficients at the leading edge or in the corner zone. However, the turbulence integral scale length plays a slightly significant role in producing the fluctuation and peak pressure at the leading edge or in the corner zone.
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致谢: 感谢国电环境保护研究院有限公司田文鑫工程师提供风洞试验帮助；感谢桂林理工大学研究生许俊、严赫绘制部分插图和表格。
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图 5 TTU原型实测屋屋面测点布置及风向角定义
Fig. 5 Locations of pressure taps and definition of incident wind direction for TTU building
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图 6 湍流积分尺度对270°平均风向角屋面中轴线区域风压系数的影响
Fig. 6 Wind pressure coefficient of central axis for mean wind direction 270° under different turbulence integral scale lengths
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图 7 湍流强度对270°平均风向角屋面中轴线区域风压系数的影响
Fig. 7 Wind pressure coefficient of central axis for mean wind direction 270° under different turbulence intensities
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图 8 湍流积分尺度对角部测点50101平均和脉动风压系数的影响
Fig. 8 Mean and standard wind pressure coefficients for corner Tap 50101 under different turbulence integral scale lengths
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图 9 湍流积分尺度对角部测点50901平均和脉动风压系数的影响
Fig. 9 Mean and standard wind pressure coefficients for corner Tap 50901 under different turbulence integral scale lengths
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图 10 湍流积分尺度对角部测点50209平均和脉动风压系数的影响
Fig. 10 Mean and standard wind pressure coefficients for corner Tap 50209 under different turbulence integral scale lengths
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图 11 湍流强度对角部测点50101平均和脉动风压系数的影响
Fig. 11 Mean and standard wind pressure coefficients for corner Tap 50101 under different turbulence intensities
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图 12 湍流强度对角部测点50901平均和脉动风压系数的影响
Fig. 12 Mean and standard wind pressure coefficients for corner Tap 50901 under different turbulence intensities
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图 13 湍流强度对角部测点50209平均和脉动风压系数的影响
Fig. 13 Mean and standard wind pressure coefficients for corner Tap 50209 under different turbulence intensities
表 1 主动阵风风洞风场参数试验值和现场实测值
Table 1 Experimental values and field measured values of active gust wind tunnel wind field parameters
高度 流场工况 Iu/% Iv/% Iw/% Lu/m Lv/m Lw/m 10 m Full scale 19.7 14.5 8.8 125.0 58.5 31.5 CBL-1 15.8 12.9 9.5 31.0 14.0 8.0 CBL-1 and Active Gust 17.4 12.0 8.7 81.5 16.0 8.5 CBL-2 12.6 9.4 7.1 24.5 7.0 4.5 3.950 m Full scale 21.7 16.0 5.5 93.8 59.0 14.7 CBL-1 17.3 14.7 9.5 27.5 15.5 4.0 CBL-1 and Active Gust 18.3 14.1 9.3 52.0 16.0 4.0 CBL-2 14.8 10.7 8.3 23.0 5.5 3.5 注：湍流积分尺度(风洞试验值)系依据泰勒的对流“凝固湍流”假设、对各向脉动分量进行自相关函数积分计算得到，对应的实测值根据几何模型比例(1:50)进行了相应转换。 
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