塞块量热计的热流计算与修正方法研究

朱新新; 王辉; 杨凯; 朱涛; 杨庆涛; 刘进博

doi:10.11729/syltlx20190134

塞块量热计的热流计算与修正方法研究

中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所, 四川绵阳 621000

详细信息

作者简介:
朱新新(1988-), 男, 云南保山人, 硕士, 助理研究员。研究方向:气动热与热防护试验测试技术。通信地址:四川省绵阳市二环路南段6号(621000)。邮箱:xinxincomplex@126.com

通讯作者:
朱新新, E-mail:xinxincomplex@126.com

中图分类号: V441
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-21
- 修回日期: 2019-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-24

Research on heat flux calculation and correction methods of the slug calorimeter

Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang Sichuan 621000, China

摘要

摘要: 为减小塞块量热计的热流测量误差，对其热流计算与修正方法开展了研究。根据能量守恒原理和传热理论，建立了隔热套结构塞块量热计的传热模型和计算方法；通过对塞块量热计传热模型的仿真分析，给出了温升率提取方法和计算误差的主要影响因素；提出了直接比对标定修正方法和基于标定的数值计算修正方法。仿真和试验结果表明：两种方法均能较大幅度减小塞块量热计的热流测量误差，使其误差控制在5%以内；直接比对标定修正方法的误差相对更小，但要求热流标定系统能覆盖被测热流范围；基于标定的数值计算修正方法对热流标定系统要求较低，适用范围更广。
- 热流测量 /
- 塞块量热计 /
- 热流标定 /
- 修正方法
Abstract: Heat flux calculation and correction methods of slug calorimeter were studied in order to reduce measurement error of heat flux. Based on the energy conservation principle and the heat transfer theory, the heat transfer model and calculation method of slug calorimeter with insulating sleeve were built. By analyzing the simulation model of slug calorimeter, the method of extracting the temperature rise rate and the main factors affecting the calculation error were given. Finally the direct comparison calibration correction method and the numerical calculation correction method based on heat flux calibration were proposed. The simulation and test results show that the two methods can greatly reduce the heat flux measurement error. The measurement error of the direct comparison calibration correction method is relatively smaller but the method requires that the heat flux calibration system can cover the heat flux measurement range. While the numerical calculation correction method based on heat flux calibration has lower requirement on the heat flux calibration system and thus has a wilder application field.
- heat flux measurement /
- slug calorimeter /
- heat flux calibration /
- correction method

HTML全文

图 1 塞块量热计结构示意图

Fig. 1 Structure of slug calorimeter

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图 2 塞块量热计的传热模型

Fig. 2 Heat transfer model of slug calorimeter

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图 3 塞块式量热计的仿真模型

Fig. 3 Simulation model of slug calorimeter

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图 4 塞块式量热计不同部位的温升曲线

Fig. 4 Temperature rise curves of different parts in slug calorimeter

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图 5 塞块量热计的热流标定曲线

Fig. 5 Heat flux calibration curve of slug calorimeter

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表 1 不同接触面的热阻值

Table 1 Thermal resistance of different contact surfaces

接触热阻	接触热阻估计值 /(10^-3 m²·K·W^-1)	考察范围 /(10^-3 m²·K·W^-1)	说明
R_{1, 4}	10	1~100	光滑金属与小颗粒非金属接触，受力较小，接触热阻较大
R_{2, 3}	1	0.1~10	光滑金属与光滑非金属接触，有一定受力，接触热阻较小
R₅	10	1~100	光滑非金属与小颗粒非金属接触，受力小，接触热阻较大
R₆ R₇	0.1 0.1	0.01~10 0.01~10	光滑金属与非金属接触，受力较大，接触热阻很小
R₈	0.01	0.001~0.1	两种光滑金属接触，受力较大，接触热阻极小

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表 2 不同时间段的热流及误差

Table 2 The heat flux and error in different time periods

序号	拟合时间段 /s	未修正热流 /(MW·m^-2)	误差ε /%	热物性修正后的热流/(MW·m^-2)
1	0.5~0.7	0.964	3.616	0.975
2	0.9~1.1	0.943	5.673	0.960
3	1.3~1.5	0.925	7.522	0.947
4	1.7~1.9	0.908	9.186	0.935
5	2.1~2.3	0.896	10.412	0.928
6	2.5~2.7	0.885	11.475	0.922

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表 3 不同热阻下的计算误差

Table 3 Calculation error under different thermal resistance condition

ε/%	ε_{R_{1, 4}}	ε_{R_{2, 3}}	ε_R₅	ε_R₆	ε_R₇	ε_R₈
0.1 R	3.5	6.6	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9
R	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
10 R	2.8	0.4	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.9

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表 4 不同热流下的计算误差

Table 4 Calculation error with different heat flux

q_in/(MW·m^-2)	0.1	0.5	1.0	5.0	10.0
dT_b/dt/(K·s^-1)	4.1	20.2	40.1	192.5	372.8
q_cal/(MW·m^-2)	0.098	0.486	0.964	4.629	8.965
ε/%	1.4	2.8	3.6	7.4	10.3

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表 5 不同状态修正前后的误差对比

Table 5 Error comparison of different states before and after correction

编号	状态编号	q_std /(MW·m^-2)	q_cal /(MW·m^-2)	ε /%	q_cor /(MW·m^-2)	ε′ /%
	1	0.889	0.869	2.2	0.889	0
	2	1.222	1.177	3.7	1.217	0.4
1#	3	1.566	1.507	3.8	1.569	0.1
	4	1.95	1.869	4.2	1.955	0.2
	5	2.307	2.192	5.0	2.3	0.3

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表 6 不同塞块量热计修正前后的误差对比

Table 6 Error comparison of different slug calorimeters before and after correction

编号	标定曲线参数		ε_max/%	ε′_max/%
编号	a	b	ε_max/%	ε′_max/%
1#	－0.039	1.068	5.0	0.4
2#	－0.004	1.094	8.9	0.8
3#	－0.011	1.061	5.4	0.4
4#	0.021	1.056	7.8	1.3
5#	－0.040	1.098	8.1	1.7

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表 7 接触热阻的求解过程

Table 7 Solution process of contact thermal resistance

迭代轮次	1	2	3	4
输入热流 /(MW·m^-2)	0.889	0.889	1.222	1.566
试验温升率 /(K·s^-1)	36.15	36.15	48.95	62.65
接触热阻值 /(10^-3 m²·K·W^-1)	1.0	1.7	1.7	1.7
仿真温升率 /(K·s^-1)	35.69	36.03	49.29	62.88
温升率偏差/%	1.25	0.35	0.70	0.36

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表 8 入射热流的求解过程

Table 8 Solution process of incident heat flux

迭代轮次	1	2	3	1	2
试验温升率 /(K·s^-1)	77.70	77.70	77.70	91.15	91.15
仿真输入热流 /(MW·m^-2)	1.869	1.900	1.930	2.192	2.300
仿真温升率 /(K·s^-1)	74.70	75.90	77.10	87.29	91.46
温升率偏差 /%	3.80	2.20	0.70	4.20	0.34

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