Abstract: To realize the displacement and deformation measurements of helicopter rotor blades in a non-contact way, the binocular stereo vision based three-dimensional measurement method is presented. First, coded targets with unique identifying information are pasted on the rotor blades. Then, with nanosecond illumination provided by the high-frequency laser, high-speed CCD cameras are triggered synchronously to acquire the transient images of rotor blades. Finally, based on the binocular stereo principle, three-dimensional coordinates of coded targets are obtained, which are used to calculate the displacement and deformation parameters of rotor blades further. The test results show that the accuracy of our proposed method is better than 0.3 mm, which is capable of meeting the high precision displacement and deformation measurement requirements of helicopter rotor blades.