Measurements and data processing technology of freestream fluctuations in hypersonic wind tunnel
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摘要: 来流扰动对高超声速风洞中开展的实验研究，如层/湍流边界层的不稳定性与转捩实验，有直接影响。为加深对高超声速风洞中边界层转捩实验的认识，需对高超声速风洞的来流扰动进行定性与定量的测量与分析。提出一种高超声速风洞扰动模态校测方法，使用热线风速仪和皮托管压力探头对高超声速风洞自由来流进行测量。在小扰动假设前提下通过模态离解分析，并结合直接数值模拟结果，获得风洞自由来流各扰动模态的幅值。运用德国不伦瑞克工业大学马赫数6 Ludwieg式高超声速风洞对该方法进行检验。实验结果显示：该风洞为典型噪声风洞，其来流扰动中声波模态高达扰动总模态的69%，涡波模态和熵波模态约各占15%。该扰动模态校测方法为高超声速风洞的流场扰动测量提供了一个思路，为基于高超声速风洞开展的实验提供了借鉴和参考。Abstract: Freestream fluctuation has a direct impact on the experiments carried out in hypersonic wind tunnels, due to effects such as hypersonic laminar/turbulent boundary-layer instability and transition. In order to obtain a deep insight into the mechanism in the hypersonic boundary layer instability, it is significant to measure and quantify the freestream disturbance in the hypersonic wind tunnel. Upon this work, we propose a novel approach for the disturbance modes characterization such that the hypersonic freestream can be measured by the hot-wire anemometer and the Pitot probe simultaneously. All the amplitudes of the disturbance modes, such as the entropy, vorticity and sound wave modes, are derived based on the small disturbance assumption by using the transfer function for the Pitot probe, which is obtained from direct numerical simulation. This novel approach for disturbance decomposition in hypersonic freestream has been applied in the Mach 6 Ludwieg tube wind tunnel at Technical University of Braunschweig in Germany. The experimental results show that this Ludwieg tube tunnel is a typical noise wind tunnel, in which the acoustic mode is up to 69% of the total disturbance mode, and the vortex mode and entropy mode account for about 15% respectively. This disturbance mode decomposition method sheds light on the freestream disturbance measurement in the hypersonic wind tunnel and provides valuable data for hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.
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图 9 马赫数6自由来流流量和总温脉动
Fig. 9 Flow and total temperature fluctuation of Mach 6 freestream
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