不同盐度下海水表面张力系数的表征研究

张志友; 金良安; 苑志江; 何升阳

doi:10.11729/syltlx20160164

不同盐度下海水表面张力系数的表征研究

海军大连舰艇学院航海系, 辽宁大连 116018

基金项目:

海军国防预研课题"水面舰艇隐身技术" 401040301

详细信息

作者简介:
张志友(1989-), 男, 辽宁大连人, 博士研究生。研究方向:军事航海安全保障与防护技术。通信地址:辽宁省大连市中山区解放路667号海军大连舰艇学院(116001)。E-mail:zhiyou626@163.com

通讯作者:
张志友, E-mail:zhiyou626@163.com

中图分类号: U661.1
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- 文章访问数: 216
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-10-30
- 修回日期: 2017-03-14
- 刊出日期: 2017-08-24

The seawater surface tension coefficient representation with different salinities

Department of Navigation, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian Liaoning 116018, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究不同盐度下海水表面张力系数的表征，并精简其表面张力系数的测定手段，根据气泡在海水中的受力情况，建立了海水中的气泡脱离体积及瞬时稳态上浮速度模型。通过搭建气体水下排放试验台，使用常压空气和6种不同盐度的海水分别作为实验的气相和液相，将气泡划分为低雷诺数缓慢上浮及高雷诺数快速上浮2种运动状态，并分别进行实验。用高速摄影技术对气泡运动进行实验观测，通过MATLAB编程对拍摄的图像进行分析处理，测定气泡脱离体积及瞬时稳态上浮速度。将实验数据代入到所建立的模型中，获得不同盐度下海水表面张力系数表征函数。结果表示，当气泡在非射流情况下生成及上浮时，气泡处于小半径慢速运动状态，属于低雷诺数运动过程，海水盐度与表面张力系数拟合效果理想，模型计算值与实验数据符合良好，偏离程度不到2%。
- 气泡形成 /
- 海水盐度 /
- 生成体积 /
- 上升速度
Abstract: To study the seawater surface tension coefficient representation with different salinities and to simplify the test methods, a practical model for the bubble departure volume and the departure instantaneous velocity is built by analyzing the forces experienced by the bubble in the seawater. The underwater gas emission experimental platform is constructed. It uses the normal pressure air and six kinds of salinity seawater as the experiment's gaseous phase and liquid phase. And the bubble motions are categorized as slow motion with low Reynolds number and fast motion with high Reynolds number. Experiments with both bubble motions are conducted. The high-speed photography technology is used to record the bubble motion, and the filmed pictures are analyzed by the MATLAB program, so as to obtain the bubble departure volume and the departure instantaneous velocity. Substituting the experimental data into models, the seawater surface tension coefficient representation with different salinities can be acquired. The result shows that, under the non jet generation and flotation condition, the bubble is of small radius and has slow movement with low Reynolds number. The simulation results are in consistency with the measurement with high credibility and low divergence. The error is less than 2%.
- bubble formation /
- seawater salinity /
- bubble volume /
- bubble rising velocity

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图 1 气泡上浮测定实验装置图

Fig. 1 Experimental facility of bubble flotation measurement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 经处理后的气泡运动状态照片

Fig. 2 Images of bubble movement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同盐度海水物性参数

Table 1 Seawater physical parameters with different salinities

Seawater salinity/‰	Density/(kg·m^-3)	Viscosity coefficient /(10^－3Pa·s)
15	1010.9	17.628
20	1014.8	17.649
25	1018.6	17.662
30	1022.4	17.673
35	1026.2	17.682
40	1030	17.688

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表 2 气泡在不同盐度海水中的脱离体积

Table 2 The variance of bubble departure volumewith differentseawater salinities

Salinity/‰	Volume/mm³	Salinity/‰	Volume/mm³
15	297.522	20	290.102
25	284.127	30	281.368
35	279.851	40	273.165

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表 3 气泡在不同盐度海水中瞬时稳态上浮速度

Table 3 The bubble instantaneous velocity change with seawater salinity

气泡等效半径R＜7mm				气泡等效半径R＞7mm
Salinity/‰	Velocity(cm/s)	Salinity/‰	Velocity (cm/s)	Velocity(cm/s)	Salinity/‰	Velocity(cm/s)
15	24.01	20	26.19	32.74	20	31.96
25	26.76	30	27.19	31.30	30	31.19
35	28.07	40	28.06	31.02	40	30.71

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表 4 不同盐度、温度条件下海水表面张力系数

Table 4 The surface tension coefficient with various salinities and at different temperatures

Salinity/‰	Surface tension coefficient at 20.3℃/(mN·m^-1)	Surface tension coefficient at 25.1℃/(mN·m^-1)
15	73.15284	72.40355
20	73.23027	72.5014
25	73.2689	72.5721
30	73.38591	72.63967
35	73.45324	72.71793
40	73.52156	72.7817

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表 5 不同盐度、温度条件下海水表面张力系数

Table 5 The surface tension coefficient with various salinities and at different temperatures

气泡等效半径R＜7mm			气泡等效半径R＞7mm
Salinity/‰	Surface tension coefficient at 20.3℃/(mN·m^-1)	Surface tension coefficient at 25.1℃/(mN·m^-1)	Surface tension coefficient at 20.3℃/(mN·m^-1)	Surface tension coefficient at 25.1℃/(mN·m^-1)
15	73.16371	72.41422	73.26371	72.51422
20	73.2281	72.5014	73.1281	72.5014
25	73.2689	72.5691	73.2689	72.5991
30	73.38917	72.65131	73.48917	72.67131
35	73.43267	72.72152	73.53267	72.82152
40	73.52156	72.7791	73.52156	72.8791

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