基于冰粘附强度空间差异的翼面电热除冰功率优化

Power Optimization of Electrothermal Wing De-icing Based on Spatial Variations of Ice Adhesion Strength

  • 摘要: 为破解飞机电热除冰系统高能耗与除冰不同步的难题,本文以NACA0030翼型为研究对象,结合结冰风洞实验、微观显微观测与数值模拟,量化表征了冰层脱落特性的空间分布特征,并解析了局部对流换热与冰层微观孔隙率的关联机制。结果表明:冰层脱落时间沿翼型弦向呈现显著的“高-低-高”分布,其极小值区域对应对流换热系数峰值区。微观观测显示,局部强对流换热诱导了高孔隙率冰层形成。基于传热机理分析及微观结构特征推断,该多孔结构通过减小冰-基底界面真实接触面积,并因其低导热特性而可能促进热量在界面附近的积聚,从而共同降低了除冰能耗阈值。基于上述揭示的冰层脱落空间分布特性,构建了面向同步脱落的分区功率反演模型。实验显示,该策略通过差异化功率补偿,在0.9-2 W/cm2范围内实现了全域同步脱落(时间偏差 < 7%);与均布功率加热模式相比,单个除冰周期内节能30%。研究结果为设计高效、精准的电热除冰系统提供了理论依据。

     

    Abstract: To address the challenges of high energy consumption and asynchronous shedding in aircraft electro-thermal de-icing systems, this study investigates the NACA0030 airfoil as the research object. By integrating icing wind tunnel experiments, microscopic observations, and numerical simulations, the spatial distribution characteristics of ice shedding behaviors are quantitatively characterized, and the correlation mechanism between localized convective heat transfer and ice microporosity is analyzed. The results indicate that the ice shedding time exhibits a distinct "high-low-high" distribution along the airfoil chord, where the region of minimum shedding time corresponds to the peak region of the convective heat transfer coefficient. Microscopic observations reveal that localized intense convective heat transfer induces the formation of a high-porosity ice layer. Based on heat transfer mechanism analysis and microstructural characteristics, it is inferred that this porous structure reduces the actual ice-substrate interfacial contact area and, due to its low thermal conductivity, potentially promotes heat accumulation near the interface, thereby synergistically lowering the de-icing energy consumption threshold. Based on the revealed spatial distribution characteristics of ice shedding, a zonal power inversion model for achieving synchronous ice shedding was developed. Experimental results demonstrate that, through differentiated power compensation, global synchronous shedding can be achieved within a heating power density range of 0.9–2 W/cm2, with a time deviation of less than 7%. Compared with uniform power heating, the proposed strategy reduces energy consumption by 30% per de-icing cycle. These results provide a theoretical basis for the design of efficient and precise electrothermal de-icing systems.

     

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