Ludwieg管来流扰动模态随频率变化规律的实验研究

Experimental study on the frequency-dependent characteristics of freestream disturbance modes in a Ludwieg tube

  • 摘要: 风洞实验数据与数值计算结果之间存在差异,其主要根源在于风洞来流中存在的复杂扰动构成,这些来流扰动直接影响风洞转捩实验的结果。在采用数值方法研究感受性等问题时,通常通过引入单频扰动以分析扰动的演化特性。然而,风洞来流扰动实际具备宽频带特性,导致高速风洞扰动测量研究中并未考虑扰动模态随频率的变化,阻碍了感受性等关键问题的实验研究,也使得实验与数值计算结果的对比存在困难。依托于华中科技大学直径0.25 m、马赫数6的Ludwieg管风洞,使用热线风速仪、搭载Kulite传感器的皮托探头和聚焦激光差分干涉仪(Focused Laser Differential Interferometry, FLDI)分别对风洞来流中的质量流量脉动、总温脉动、压力脉动以及密度脉动进行了测量,利用模态分解方法结合小扰动假设获得了不同来流雷诺数下的声波、熵波、涡波3种模态幅值。结果显示,该管风洞中自由来流的声波模态幅值占比约60%,熵波模态占比约30%,涡波占比约10%,表明该风洞是一座典型的声波扰动占据主导地位的噪声风洞。为了进一步分频段研究3种来流扰动子模态占比随频率的变化规律,对数据进行窄带宽滤波,发现随着频率的升高,熵波占比迅速升高,声波和涡波的占比逐步降低,但声波模态幅值仍高于另外2种子模态。

     

    Abstract: The discrepancy between wind tunnel experimental data and numerical computation data stems from the complex disturbance composition in the wind tunnel's incoming flow, which directly affects the results of wind tunnel transition experiments. When conducting receptivity studies using numerical computations, the evolution of perturbations is generally investigated by introducing single-frequency disturbances. However, the freestream disturbances in wind tunnels are inherently broadband. This broadband nature means that the frequency dependence of disturbance modes is often overlooked in high speed wind tunnel measurements. This oversight hinders experimental research on key issues such as receptivity and also poses challenges in comparing experimental results with numerical simulations. This study is conducted in the Φ250 mm Mach 6 Ludwieg tube wind tunnel at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Hot-wire anemometer, Pitot probes equipped with Kulite sensor, and Focused Laser Differential Interferometer(FLDI) were used to measure the quantities of the freestream, including fluctuations of mass flow, total temperature, pressure, and density. Using modal decomposition theory combined with the small disturbance assumption, three freestream disturbance modes, i.e., acoustic waves, entropy waves, and vorticity waves, were obtained. Experimental results indicate that in this wind tunnel, acoustic waves dominate with an amplitude share of approximately 60%, followed by entropy waves at around 30%, and vorticity waves at about 10%, This confirms that the facility is a typical noise-dominated wind tunnel. To further investigate the variation of the three sub-mode proportions with frequency across different bands, narrowband filtering was applied to the data. It is found that as frequency increases, the proportion of entropy waves rises rapidly, while the proportions of acoustic and vorticity waves gradually decrease. Nevertheless, the amplitude of acoustic waves remains higher than that of the other two sub-modes.

     

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