前缘钝度影响下的高超进气道自起动性能研究

On the self-starting performance of hypersonic inlets under the influence of leading-edge bluntness

  • 摘要: 为了探究前缘钝化对高超声速进气道自起动特性的影响,本文选取Ma6级二元进气道,对比了五种不同钝度下进气道的自起动性能及自起动过程中的流场结构演变。通过数值仿真发现,尖/钝形前缘的进气道自起动过程相似,可分为四个阶段:不起动阶段、唇口亚声速溢流消失阶段、压缩面分离包吞入阶段及稳定起动阶段。前体前缘钝化使进气道内部波系结构发生明显变化,随着钝化半径的增大,喉道流量、入口马赫数及入口总压恢复系数均下降,自起动马赫数增大。与尖前缘构型相比,当无量纲钝度R/Hi =0.0077时对进气道流场及性能影响较小,仅使自起动马赫增大0.1,入口总压恢复减小0.022;而R/Hi =0.0309的进气道在Ma=2.0时的分离区长度较R/Hi =0时增长了5.58%,自起动马赫数增大1.3。钝前缘后的熵层是造成自起动马赫数升高的主要原因,随着钝度增大,进气道入口边界层增厚,不起动时的口部分离包尺度也随之增大,进而造成进气道自起动马赫数增大。

     

    Abstract: To study the effect of leading-edge bluntness on the self-starting characteristics of a hypersonic inlet, a two-dimensional Mach 6 inlet is examined. The self-starting behavior and flow evolution are compared for five bluntness radii. Numerical simulations show that the self-starting process is similar for both sharp and blunt leading edges, comprising four stages: unstart, disappearance of subsonic spillage at the cowl lip, ingestion of the separation bubble on the compression surface, and stable start. Leading-edge bluntness alters the internal shock structure: as the bluntness radius increases, the throat mass flow, entrance Mach number, and total-pressure recovery decrease, while the self-starting Mach number rises. Compared with a sharp leading edge, a small dimensionless bluntness (R/Hi = 0.0077) has minor effects, increasing the self-starting Mach number by only 0.1 and reducing total-pressure recovery by 0.022. With R/Hi = 0.0309, the separation zone at Mach 2.0 lengthens by 5.58 % and the self-starting Mach number increases by 1.3. The entropy layer behind the blunt leading edge is the primary cause of the higher self-starting Mach number. Increased bluntness thickens the entrance boundary layer and enlarges the separation bubble during unstart state, thereby raising the self-starting Mach number.

     

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