大型低温风洞结构设计关键技术分析

赖欢; 祝长江; 陈万华; 廖达雄; 孙德文

doi:10.11729/syltlx20210040

大型低温风洞结构设计关键技术分析

doi: 10.11729/syltlx20210040

赖欢^1,,
祝长江^1, ,,
陈万华¹,
廖达雄^{1, 2},
孙德文¹

1.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所，绵阳　621000
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心空气动力学国家重点实验室，绵阳　621000

详细信息

作者简介:
赖欢：（1981—），男，四川宜宾人，工程师。研究方向：风洞结构设计。通信地址：四川省绵阳市涪城区二环路南段6号12信箱2分信箱（621000）。E-mail：laihuan518@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：zcjsongping@163.com

中图分类号: V211.74
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- 文章访问数: 2205
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-29
- 修回日期: 2021-08-11
- 录用日期: 2021-11-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-17

Key technology for mechanical design in large-scale cryogenic wind tunnel

1.
Facility Design and Instrumentation Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 　621000, china
2.
State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center, Mianyang 　621000, China

Funds: GUO X, ZHAO Y, WANG Y F. Some key structural mechanics problem in design and construction of large wind tunnels[J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2017, 31(5): 432-436.

摘要

摘要: 高雷诺数的模拟对飞行器的研制至关重要，是衡量风洞模拟能力的主要参数，低温风洞是工程上实现高雷诺数模拟的有效途径。作为低温风洞主体的洞体机械系统是其核心承载和功能设备，具有结构复杂、功能集成度高、可承受交变载荷等特点。通过分析国外低温风洞设计建设历程，结合国内低温风洞工程技术现状，对大型低温风洞洞体机械系统结构设计的关键技术进行分析，阐述洞体机械系统热应力及热变形控制、低温材料、宽温域重载传动机构、液氮喷射结构以及试验模型更换的核心指标、技术难点，并针对上述结构设计技术难点提出了攻关方向和后续研究建议。
- 低温风洞 /
- 关键技术 /
- 洞体机械系统 /
- 低温工程
Abstract: The high range of the Reynolds number is a core requirement for the aircraft model testing in the wind tunnel, and the feasible engineering way for broadening it is reducing the total temperature of the fluid. Therefore the cryogenic wind tunnel is needed. The mechanical circuit system is the core function facility of the cryogenic wind tunnel with special characteristics as complex structure, high integrated functions, and cyclical loading bearer. By contrasting the design of the overseas the cryogenic wind tunnel and the domestic cryogenic technology, the key technologies for the cryogenic wind tunnel mechanical circuit system design are discussed in this article, such as cryogenic materials, thermal stress and deformation control, wide temperature range and heavy load transmission mechanism, liquid nitrogen spray valves and model transposing for cryogenic testing. The core indicators, technical difficulties and research approaches of each aforementioned key technology are expounded, respectively. Finally, some proposals are offered for the cryogenic wind tunnel mechanical design.
- cryogenic wind tunnel /
- key technology /
- mechanical circuit system /
- cryogenic engineering

HTML全文

图 1 低温风洞原理图

Figure 1. Schematic of cryogenic wind tunnel

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图 2 大型低温风洞洞体回路结构组成

Figure 2. Assembled mechanical circuit of cryogenic wind tunnel

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图 3 内部支撑载荷分布

Figure 3. Load distribution on inner supports

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图 4 框架式型面结构温度场与应力场

Figure 4. Stress and temperature distribution of frame structure

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图 5 低温风洞迎角机构传动简图

Figure 5. Sketch of attack mechanism in cryogenic wind tunnel

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图 6 低温风洞液氮喷嘴截面布局

Figure 6. Layout of liquid nitrogen spray section in cryogenic wind tunnel

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图 7 一体化液氮喷射排架平面布置图

Figure 7. Plane layout of integrated liquid nitrogen spray valves

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图 8 插入式模型更换系统

Figure 8. Inserted model replacement system

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图 9 下沉式模型运输系统

Figure 9. Sunken transport system for cryogenic model cart

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图 10 上提式模型运输系统

Figure 10. Lifting transport system for cryogenic model cart

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表 1 低温风洞用金属材料性能需求（部分）

Table 1. Expected properties of metal materials for cryogenic wind tunnel（partial）

需求类型	规定非比例延伸率为 1%时的应力/MPa	规定非比例延伸率为 0.2%时的应力/MPa	断后伸长率/%	硬度	77 K时的低温冲击功/J	可焊性	机械加工性
承压壳体（低强度钢）	≥230	≥180	≥40	200HB	≥34	优良	良好
中高强度钢	≥560	≥400	≥30	32HRC	≥50	—	良好
高强度钢	≥960	≥800	≥20	32HRC	≥50	—	良好
高疲劳寿命钢	≥800	≥560	≥30	27HRC	≥50	—	良好
高耐磨钢	≥560	≥400	≥30	40HRC	≥50	—	良好

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表 2 洞体机械系统设计主要载荷

Table 2. Design load for mechanical system of the cave

重力加速度/g	最大压差/MPa	轴向力/kN	失稳压差/MPa	地震加速度/g	温度/K
1	0.45	1500	–0.1	0.1	90

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