Experimental study on time-delay effect of unsteady hydrodynamics of the supercavitating vehicle in water tunnel
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摘要: 空泡延迟效应在机动航行诱发的尾拍振荡中影响显著，是超空泡航行体的重要力学特性，在动力学建模中必须加以考虑。采用人工通气超空泡的试验方法，在西北工业大学高速水洞实验室开展了超空泡航行体连续变攻角测力试验研究，测量攻角与流体动力随时间变化历程来定量分析延迟时间特性。通过试验研究，获得了不同试验条件下变化的延迟时间；无量纲化的延迟系数与水速近似成线性关系，且随预置舵角的增大而增大；在试验采用的摆动频率中，摆动频率较大的工况，延迟系数较小。Abstract: The cavity-delay-effect has a significant impact on the tail slapping induced by maneuvering, and it is an important mechanical characteristic of supercavitating vehicles, which must be considered in dynamic modeling. The experimental method of artificial ventilated supercavitation is used in the laboratory of Northwestern Polytechnical University’s high-speed water tunnel to carry out the continuous variable angle of attack experiment. The delay time is quantitatively analyzed by measuring the changes of attack angle and dynamic force with time. Varying delay times are obtained under different conditions, and the dimensionless time-delay coefficient is approximately linearly related to the water speed. The time-delay coefficient increases with the increase of the preset rudder angle. Among the oscillation frequency used in the experiment, the larger the oscillation frequency is, the smaller the time-delay coefficient is.
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图 1 西北工业大学高速水洞
Figure 1. High speed water tunnel of Northwestern Polytechnical University
图 13 延迟系数随摆动频率的变化规律
Figure 13. Variation of time-delay coefficient with oscillation frequency
表 1 试验工况
Table 1. Experimental conditions
工况编号 水流速度
v/（m·s–1）通气流量
Q/SLPM摆动频率
f /Hz摆动幅值
A/（°）预置舵角
α/（°）1 7.0 80 1.53 2 0 2 7.5 80 1.53 2 0 3 8.0 80 1.53 2 0 4 8.5 80 1.53 2 0 5 8.5 80 1.53 2 10 6 8.5 80 1.53 2 20 7 8.5 80 1.00 2 0 
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表 2 不同水流速度下延迟时间对比
Table 2. Comparison of delay time at different water velocity
工况
编号水流速度
v/（m·s–1）第1次试验
延迟时间t/s第2次试验
延迟时间t/s平均延迟
时间t'/s延迟
系数Cyc1 7.0 0.0548 0.0532 0.0540 0.875 2 7.5 0.0542 0.0568 0.0555 0.964 3 8.0 0.0571 0.0572 0.0572 1.059 4 8.5 0.0622 0.0566 0.0594 1.169
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表 3 空化器不同舵角下的延迟时间对比
Table 3. Comparison of delay time at different rudder angle
工况编号 舵角α/（°） 第1次试验延迟时间t/s 第2次试验延迟时间t/s 第3次试验延迟时间t/s 第4次试验延迟时间t/s 平均延迟时间t'/s 延迟系数Cyc 4 0 0.0622 0.0566 — — 0.0594 1.169 5 10 0.0656 0.0623 0.0643 0.0646 0.0642 1.264 6 20 0.0668 0.0688 0.0698 0.0702 0.0689 1.356
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表 4 不同摆动频率下延迟时间对比
Table 4. Comparison of delay time at different oscillation frequency
工况
编号摆动频率
f /Hz第1次试验
延迟时间t/s第2次试验
延迟时间t/s平均延迟
时间t'/s延迟
系数Cyc4 1.53 0.0622 0.0566 0.0594 1.169 7 1.00 0.0663 0.0718 0.0691 1.360
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