Preliminary research on size measurement of supercooled large droplet in icing wind tunnel
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摘要: 过冷大水滴粒径测量方法是结冰风洞过冷大水滴云雾模拟能力的关键组成部分。为评估双通道机载式相位多普勒干涉仪（PDI-FPDR）的过冷大水滴粒径测量能力，利用标准液滴流发生器产生特定尺寸的大粒径液滴流，评估PDI-FPDR的液滴粒径测量不确定度；针对真实大粒径喷雾，同时采用Malvern粒度分析仪和PDI-FPDR测量喷雾粒径特征参数，对比评估PDI-FPDR的大粒径喷雾测量能力。结果表明：PDI-FPDR小粒径通道无法准确测量大尺寸液滴，测量结果显著小于真实液滴粒径（测量粒径189.0 μm的液滴，相对误差为-72.8%）；大粒径通道可以较为准确地测量大尺寸液滴，但精度较差（测量粒径240.5 μm的液滴，相对误差为-5.1%，最大偏差50.2 μm）；对于典型大粒径喷雾，PDI-FPDR小粒径通道测量中值体积直径（MVD）大于75 μm的喷雾适用性较差，大粒径通道的MVD测量值与Malvern粒度分析仪相比偏大。Abstract: Drop-size measurement of the supercooled large droplet (SLD) is very important for capacity building of the icing wind tunnel. In order to evaluate the capability of Phase Doppler Interferometer Flight Probe Dual Range (PDI-FPDR) in measuring the diameter of SLD, the standard droplet stream generated by a droplet generator, was used to evaluate the uncertainty of PDI-FPDR for drop size measurement. Then, for the real large-droplet spray, the particle size characteristic parameters were measured by Malvern and PDI-FPDR simultaneously. The large-droplet spray measurement capability of PDI-FPDR has been further evaluated. The results show that the small size range channel of PDI-FPDR can't accurately measure large droplets, and its measurement results are much smaller than the real droplet size. The relative error of measuring a 189.0 μm droplet is -72.8%. The measuring accuracy of the large size range channel is high, but the precision is poor. The relative error of measuring a 240.5 μm droplet is -5.1%, and the maximum deviation is 50.2 μm. For typical large-droplet spray, the PDI-FPDR small size range channel has poor applicability under measuring conditions of median volume diameter (MVD) greater than 75.0 μm. The measured MVD values of PDI-FPDR large size range channel are larger than those of Malvern.
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Key words:
- icing wind tunnel /
- supercooled large droplet /
- droplet size /
- droplet flow /
- spray
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图 1 PDI-FPDR粒径测量的基本原理
Figure 1. The basic principle for droplet size measurement of PDI-FPDR
图 2 PDI-FPDR用于结冰风洞云雾场校测
Figure 2. PDI-FPDR used for icing wind tunnel cloud calibration
图 6 PDI-FPDR与Malvern测量喷雾
Figure 6. Spray was measured by PDI-FPDR and Malvern simultaneously
图 11 PDI-FPDR与Malvern喷雾MVD测量对比
Figure 11. Comparison of MVD measurements between PDI-FPDR and Malvern
图 12 PDI-FPDR与Malvern喷雾MVD测量相对误差
Figure 12. Comparison of relative error measurement between PDI-FPDR and Malvern
图 13 小粒径通道与Malvern液滴粒径分布测量对比
Figure 13. Comparison of droplet size distribution measurement between small size range channel and Malvern
图 14 大粒径通道与Malvern液滴粒径分布测量对比
Figure 14. Comparison of droplet size distribution measurement between large size range channel and Malvern
表 1 标准液滴流发生器参数及液滴粒径
Table 1. Parameters of droplet flow generator and droplet size
序号 微孔片孔径dm/μm 信号发生频率f/kHz 注射泵流量Q/(mL·min-1) 标准液滴粒径d0/μm 1 60 32.44 1.5 116.0 2 60 19.39 1.8 150.5 3 100 7.67 1.5 189.0 4 100 6.45 1.5 202.0 5 100 3.49 1.4 240.5 
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表 2 喷嘴供水供气条件
Table 2. Water pressure and air pressure of nozzle
序号 水压pw/MPa 气压pa/MPa 序号 水压pw/MPa 气压pa/MPa 1 0.05 0.02 10 0.05 0.05 2 0.10 0.02 11 0.10 0.05 3 0.15 0.02 12 0.15 0.05 4 0.20 0.02 13 0.20 0.05 5 0.30 0.02 14 0.30 0.05 6 0.40 0.02 15 0.40 0.05 7 0.50 0.02 16 0.50 0.05 8 0.60 0.02 17 0.60 0.05 9 0.70 0.02 18 0.70 0.05
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表 3 PDI-FPDR小粒径通道液滴粒径测量结果
Table 3. Measurement results of droplet size in PDI-FPDR small size range channel
序号 标准液滴粒径d0/μm 小粒径通道测量值dP/μm 相对误差γ1/% 最大正偏差ν1, plus/μm 最大负偏差ν1, minus/μm 1 116.0 114.6 -1.2 13.9 -9.1 2 150.5 117.9 -21.7 3.6 -5.4 3 189.0 51.3 -72.8 1.2 -1.8 4 202.0 56.5 -72.0 1.5 -2.0 5 240.5 72.6 -69.8 1.9 -2.1
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表 4 PDI-FPDR大粒径通道液滴粒径测量结果
Table 4. Measurement results of droplet size in PDI-FPDR large size range channel
序号 标准液滴粒径d0/μm 大粒径通道测量值dP/μm 相对误差γ1/% 最大正偏差ν1, plus/μm 最大负偏差ν1, minus/μm 1 116.0 116.4 0.3 11.1 -26.9 2 150.5 128.6 -14.6 37.9 -15.1 3 189.0 205.0 8.5 56.5 -60.5 4 202.0 189.6 -6.1 29.2 -32.1 5 240.5 228.3 -5.1 50.2 -39.8
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