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计及机匣相对运动的涡轮叶片叶顶凹槽流动研究

杜金霖 邹正平 黄霖 轩笠铭 王元鹏

杜金霖, 邹正平, 黄霖, 等. 计及机匣相对运动的涡轮叶片叶顶凹槽流动研究[J]. 实验流体力学, 2021, 35(2): 22-36, 82. doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200073
引用本文: 杜金霖, 邹正平, 黄霖, 等. 计及机匣相对运动的涡轮叶片叶顶凹槽流动研究[J]. 实验流体力学, 2021, 35(2): 22-36, 82. doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200073
DU Jinlin, ZOU Zhengping, HUANG Lin, et al. Experimental and numerical study of squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 35(2): 22-36, 82. doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200073
Citation: DU Jinlin, ZOU Zhengping, HUANG Lin, et al. Experimental and numerical study of squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 35(2): 22-36, 82. doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200073

计及机匣相对运动的涡轮叶片叶顶凹槽流动研究

doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200073
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 51676005

详细信息
    作者简介:

    杜金霖(1997-), 男, 河南泌阳人, 硕士研究生。研究方向: 涡轮叶尖泄漏流动。通信地址: 北京市海淀区学院路37号北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院(100191)。E-mail: djlindy@126.com

    通讯作者:

    邹正平, E-mail: zouzhengping@buaa.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V211.7

Experimental and numerical study of squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

  • 摘要: 叶尖泄漏流是造成航空发动机涡轮内部损失的重要因素,而凹槽叶尖是控制叶尖泄漏流的有效手段,准确了解凹槽内的流动结构有助于认识泄漏流的流动规律和泄漏损失的物理机制。为了详细研究考虑机匣相对运动时叶尖凹槽腔内流动结构变化及其对泄漏流的影响,搭建了可模拟机匣相对运动的低速平面叶栅实验台,该实验台可以进行不同叶型、不同叶顶结构以及不同攻角等因素的研究。采用PIV技术设计了一种可以在机匣相对运动时对凹槽腔内流动进行测量的可视化测量方法。使用该测量方法捕捉到了凹槽腔内旋涡的流动结构,结合数值结果分析了不同机匣运动状态下凹槽腔内流动结构的演化过程,结果表明:刮削涡在凹槽腔内形成类似气动篦齿的封严效果,减小了间隙出口有效流通面积,降低了凹槽叶尖的射流系数,从而达到了控制泄漏流动的目的;选择合适的负荷分布和凹槽几何能够提升刮削涡的堵塞效果并扩大控制范围;均匀加载叶片使用叶尖凹槽时控制泄漏流的效果更加明显;径向间隙的大小直接影响叶顶凹槽内部流动结构的产生和演化,从而改变凹槽叶尖控制叶尖泄漏的效果。
  • 图  1  实验设施整体布局[20]

    Figure  1.  Structural sketch of wind tunnel and testing facility[20]

    图  2  收缩曲线示意图

    Figure  2.  Schematic of the contraction

    图  3  风洞出口速度场分布

    Figure  3.  Wind tunnel exit velocity field distribution

    图  4  叶栅实验台

    Figure  4.  Cascade test platform

    图  5  调节挡板

    Figure  5.  Adjustable plate

    图  6  不同攻角状态示意图

    Figure  6.  Sketch of bottom plate at different incidence angles

    图  7  端壁运动机构

    Figure  7.  Moving casing simulator

    图  8  实验段

    Figure  8.  Testing facility

    图  9  涡轮叶栅

    Figure  9.  Turbine cascade

    图  10  两种叶型与原叶型对比

    Figure  10.  Comparison of two blades with original blade

    图  11  叶栅出口周期性验证[21]

    Figure  11.  Periodic verification of cascade outlet[21]

    图  12  测量方法示意图

    Figure  12.  Sketch of PIV test method

    图  13  测量截面沿流向的分布

    Figure  13.  Distribution of test section along the flow direction

    图  14  拍摄视场

    Figure  14.  View field

    图  15  计算网格示意图

    Figure  15.  Schematic of computing grid

    图  16  网格无关性验证

    Figure  16.  Grid independence verification

    图  17  叶顶测压孔分布

    Figure  17.  Distribution of pressure hole

    图  18  叶顶静压分布对比

    Figure  18.  Comparison of blade tip static pressure distribution

    图  19  间隙出口泄漏量沿流向分布

    Figure  19.  Leakage flow rate distribution along the streamwise direction at the gap outlet

    图  20  射流系数沿流向分布

    Figure  20.  Distribution of discharge coefficient along the streamwise direction

    图  21  间隙出口有效流通面积沿流向分布

    Figure  21.  Distribution of equivalent flow area along the streamwise direction

    图  22  凹槽叶尖主要流动结构

    Figure  22.  Vortices in the tip region

    图  23  不同截面的流动结构(实验结果)

    Figure  23.  Flow structure at different test sections (experimental results)

    图  24  凹槽腔内流线分布(数值结果)

    Figure  24.  Distribution of streamlines in the cavity (numerical results)

    图  25  各截面泄漏流速度矢量图(数值结果)

    Figure  25.  Velocity vector of leakage flow at different sections (numerical results)

    图  26  凹槽尾缘截面泄漏流速度矢量图(数值结果)

    Figure  26.  Velocity vector of leakage flow near the cavity end (numerical results)

    图  27  叶片负荷分布

    Figure  27.  Blade load distribution

    图  28  后加载叶片间隙出口泄漏量沿流向分布

    Figure  28.  Leakage flow rate distribution along the streamwise direction at the gap outlet of after-loaded blade

    图  29  后加载叶片射流系数沿流向分布

    Figure  29.  Distribution of discharge coefficient along the streamwise direction of after-loaded blade

    图  30  后加载叶片间隙出口有效流通面积沿流向分布

    Figure  30.  Distribution of equivalent flow area along the streamwise direction of after-loaded blade

    图  31  后加载叶片不同截面流动结构(实验结果)

    Figure  31.  After-loaded blade Flow structure (experimental results)

    图  32  均匀加载叶片间隙出口泄漏量沿流向分布

    Figure  32.  Leakage flow rate distribution along the streamwise direction at the gap outlet of mid-loaded blade

    图  33  均匀加载叶片射流系数沿流向分布

    Figure  33.  Distribution of discharge coefficient along the streamwise direction of mid-loaded blade

    图  34  均匀加载叶片间隙出口有效流通面积沿流向分布

    Figure  34.  Distribution of equivalent flow area along the streamwise direction of mid-loaded blade

    图  35  均匀加载叶片不同截面流动结构(实验结果)

    Figure  35.  Mid-loaded blade flow structure (experimental results)

    图  36  不同加载叶片周向平均总压损失系数分布

    Figure  36.  Distributions of the pitch-wise averaged total pressure loss coefficient of different loaded blades

    图  37  不同加载叶片累计泄漏量

    Figure  37.  Accumulated leakage flow rate of different loaded blades

    图  38  不同加载叶片平均总压损失系数

    Figure  38.  Total pressure loss coefficient of different loaded blades

    图  39  不同加载叶片累计泄漏量差值

    Figure  39.  Difference of cumulative leakage flow rate of different loaded blades

    图  40  2 mm间隙不同截面流动结构(实验结果)

    Figure  40.  Flow structure of 2 mm gap (experimental results)

    图  41  4 mm间隙不同截面流动结构(实验结果)

    Figure  41.  Flow structure of 4 mm gap (experimental results)

    图  42  不同间隙平均总压损失系数

    Figure  42.  Total pressure loss coefficient of different gaps

    图  43  不同间隙累计泄漏量差值

    Figure  43.  Difference of cumulative leakage flow rate of different gaps

    表  1  叶片几何参数

    Table  1.   Blade geometries

    Geometry parameter Value
    Blade chord 109.8 mm
    Axial blade chord 77.8 mm
    Blade pitch 85.5 mm
    Blade height 180 mm
    Number of blades 7
    Gap height 2~4 mm
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  计算域网格信息

    Table  2.   Computing domain grid information

    Number of nodes in the gap Total number of elements/106
    Grid1 21 2.37
    Grid2 29 2.63
    Grid3 37 2.90
    Grid4 45 3.16
    Grid5 53 3.43
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-06-10
  • 修回日期:  2020-08-04
  • 刊出日期:  2021-04-01

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