Review on the development of the free-piston high enthalpy impulse wind tunnel and its testing capacities
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摘要: 自由活塞高焓脉冲风洞是研究高温气体效应主要的地面模拟设备之一，具备模拟超高速流动的能力，主要分为自由活塞驱动的高焓激波风洞和高焓膨胀管风洞。经过数十年的发展，自由活塞高焓脉冲风洞不仅能够用于研究飞行器在超高速自由来流条件下的复杂气动热力学和气动光学等问题，还能开展自由飞、超燃冲压发动机和电磁辐射等技术的研究。综述其发展历程，重点介绍理论基础研究阶段、早期探索阶段和实用化发展阶段等3个阶段的研究历程和主要结论，以期为大型自由活塞高焓脉冲风洞及其试验能力的发展和应用提供借鉴和参考。Abstract: The free-piston high enthalpy impulse wind tunnel is one of the main ground testing facilities for the study of the high enthalpy flow, which is able to simulate the hypervelocity flow and is mainly categorized into two types as the high enthalpy shock wind tunnel and the high enthalpy expansion tube wind tunnel. After decades of development, the free-piston high enthalpy impulse wind tunnel can be used not only to study the complex aerodynamics thermodynamics and aero-optic of the aircraft under the hypervelocity free flow, but also to carry out research on technologies such as the free flight, the scramjet and the electromagnetic radiation measurement. The development process is summarized, focusing on the three stages of the basic theoretical research stage, the early construction stage and the practical development stage, in order to provide reference for the development of the large-scale free-piston high enthalpy impulse wind tunnel and its testing capacities.
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Key words:
- free-piston /
- high enthalpy impulse wind tunnel /
- testing capacities
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表 1 自由活塞激波管/风洞参数
Table 1. The parameters of the free piston shock tube/tunnel
设备代号 T1 T2 T3 DDT 压缩管 长度/m 1.5 3.0 6.0 5.0 内径/m 0.051 0.076 0.300 0.124 激波管 长度/m 1.35 2.00 6.00 4.50 内径/m 0.012 0.021 0.076 0.050 活塞 质量/kg 0.8 1.2 90.0 5.5 δ/(kg·m-2) 390 270 1270 456 
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表 2 自由活塞激波风洞参数
Table 2. The parameters of the free piston shock tunnel
设备代号 T4 RHYFL T5 TCM2 HEG FPST FD-18 HEK HIEST T-ADFA HELM T6 FD-21 X3R 压缩管 长度/m 25.0 47.0 30.0 7.0 33.0 27.5 26.6 16.0 42.0 5.0 21.0 9.5 75.0 14.0 内径/m 0.228 0.600 0.300 0.020 0.550 0.200 0.130 0.210 0.600 0.050 0.286 0.300 0.668 0.500 激波管 长度/m 10.00 31.00 12.00 6.70 17.00 10.70 10.55 7.00 17.00 8.65 11.00 8.65 35.00 22.00 内径/m 0.075 0.200 0.090 0.070 0.150 0.076 0.050 0.072 0.180 0.025 0.095 0.096 0.290 0.200 活塞 质量/kg 90 1750 150 35 ~730 ~180 34 33 ~720 8 53 90 ~400 100 δ/(kg·m-2) 2210 6190 2120 1115 3720 5732 2562 1168 2548 4076 825 1273 1168 509 喷管驻室总焓/(MJ·kg-1) ~15 - ~20 ~20 ~25 20 ~25 6.13 ~25 -24 ~25 20 20 - 喷管驻室总压/MPa ~90 - ~100 ~132 ~200 70 145 16 ~150 21 ~100 100 50 - 喷管出口直径/m 0.388 0.618 0.314 0.400 0.880 0.457 0.242 0.400 1.200 0.300 0.685 0.270 1.800/2.000 0.750 时间 1987 1980’s 1990 1991 1991 1993 1994 1995 1998 2000’s 2008 2016 2016 2017 国家 澳大利亚 美国 美国 法国 德国 美国 中国 日本 日本 澳大利亚 德国 英国 中国 澳大利亚
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表 3 自由活塞膨胀管/风洞参数
Table 3. The parameters of the free piston expansion tube/tunnel
设备代号 TQ/X1 GASL X2 JX-1 X3 HEK-X T6 FD-21 压缩管 长度/m 2.3 12.3 4.5 3.0 19.0 16.0 9.5 75.0 内径/m 0.100 0.450 0.257 0.150 0.500 0.210 0.300 0.668 激波管 长度/m 2.080 15.900 3.424 15.000 10.000 6.500 8.650 35.000 内径/m 0.037 0.150 0.085 0.050 0.200 0.072 0.096 0.290 加速管 长度/m 3.360 31.800 5.156 3.500 28.000 9.500 7.000 32.000 内径/m 0.037 0.150 0.085 0.050 0.180 0.072 0.096 0.290 活塞 质量/kg 25.0 250.0 35.0 7.0 103.0 15.7 90.0 ~400.0 δ/(kg·m-2) 3184 1570 675 3900 525 4076 1273 1168 时间 1987 1989 1995 1999 2001 2016 调试中 调试中 国家 澳大利亚 美国 澳大利亚 日本 澳大利亚 日本 英国 中国
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