Study on the influence of cold spot effect on the thermal measurement characteristics of circular foil heat flow sensor in hypersonic convection environment
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摘要: 在高超声速对流环境测量气动加热时，圆箔式热流传感器表面温度往往低于被测物体表面温度，这种表面温度的不连续会影响边界层流动，使热流测量结果产生偏差。针对高超声速对流条件下的钝头-平板模型，采用数值模拟方法研究了传感器表面局部低温引起的"冷点效应"形成机理以及对表面热流的影响。结果表明：被测物体表面壁焓Hw与恢复焓Hre的比值Hw/Hre越高，"冷点效应"越明显；传感器表面温度Tw2与被测物体表面温度Tw1的比值Tw2/Tw1越小，"冷点效应"越明显；来流雷诺数Re对"冷点效应"影响较小。在马赫数Ma=18的来流条件下，研究分析了冷点效应对传感器测量结果的影响，结果表明：冷点效应使测量结果偏高1.25倍，复现了热流预示结果与试验结果的差异。Abstract: When a circular foil heat flux sensor is used to measure aerodynamic heating in a hypersonic convection environment, the surface temperature of the sensor is often lower than the surface temperature of the measured object. This surface temperature discontinuity would affect the flow of the boundary layer, which could distort the heat flux measurement result. For a blunt-head plate model, the numerical simulation method was used to study the formation mechanism of the "cold-spot effect" and the influence of the local low temperature of the sensor surface on the surface heat flux under hypersonic flow conditions. The results show that:the higher Hw/Hre is, which represents the ratio of the surface enthalpy of the measured object to the recovery enthalpy of the flow, the more obvious the "cold-spot effect" is; the lower Tw2/Tw1 is, which represents the ratio of the sensor surface temperature to the measured surface temperature, the more obvious the "cold-spot effect" is; the flow Reynolds number Re has less effect on the cold spot effect. The deviation of measurement results in response to the "cold spot effect" is analyzed under the condition of Mach 18 flow. The results show that the "cold spot effect" can make the measurement result 1.25 times higher, which reproduces the difference between the heat flow prediction results and the test results.
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Key words:
- hypersonic /
- convection /
- heat flux sensor /
- cold spot effect /
- numerical simulation
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图 4 传感器及附近被测物体表面热流
Figure 4. Heat flux on the surface of sensor and in the vicinity of the measured object
图 6 典型截面的法向温度和速度
Figure 6. Normal temperature profile and normal speed profile of each section
图 7 不同Hw1/Hre的表面无量纲热流计算结果对比
Figure 7. Comparison of non-dimensional heat flux calculation results for different values of Hw1/Hre
图 8 不同Tw2/Tw1的表面无量纲热流计算结果对比
Figure 8. Comparison of non-dimensional heat flux calculation results for different values of Tw2/Tw1
图 9 不同来流雷诺数下的表面无量纲热流计算结果对比
Figure 9. Comparison of non-dimensional heat flux calculation results for different Re of inflow
图 12 传感器测量数据与计算结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison of sensor measurement data and calculation results
图 13 被测物体与传感器的表面温度分布
Figure 13. Surface temperature distribution of measured object and sensor
图 15 圆箔式热流传感器有限元分析模型
Figure 15. Finite element analysis model of circular foil heat flux sensor
图 16 热流传感器响应温度和温差
Figure 16. Heat flux sensor response temperature and temperature difference
表 1 计算状态参数
Table 1. State parameters of calculation
状态 Tw1/K Tw2/K Tw3/K 备注 Case 1 300 300 300 均匀 Case 2 1300 1300 1300 均匀 Case 3 1300 300 1300 间断 Case 4 1300 300 1300 渐变 
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