Simulating hypersonic projectile launching process in the ballistic range by Adaptive Discontinuity Fitting solver technique
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摘要: 弹道靶自由飞试验是高超声速领域中的一种重要的地面试验手段。试验中厘米级的弹丸/弹托在10米级长度的管道中加速至极高的速度，出膛后通常采用气动力使弹托偏离预定弹道而被拦截器阻挡，仅使弹丸进入试验段开展测试。由于发射过程中弹丸的实际飞行姿态会受到管道内长距离加速、高压驱动下出膛、气动分离干扰等诸多因素的影响，因此基于计算流体力学发展相关的气动预测技术有助于指导试验方案设计，从而保证弹丸运动轨迹的准确性。针对发射问题中涉及的诸如空间尺度变化剧烈、接触-分离、超高速动态分离等数值仿真难点，采用基于非结构动网格技术和格心型有限体积方法发展的自适应间断装配求解器（ADFs），对非定常流场中的运动激波进行装配，通过二维算例对弹丸发射过程数值仿真进行了详细的原理性介绍。一方面，拓展了激波装配方法在工程问题中的应用；另一方面，针对弹道靶中超高速弹丸发射这类问题，建立了一套高效的数值模拟方法，实现了对弹丸从静止到加速、出膛、分离的全动态过程的精细流场刻画。Abstract: The free flight ballistic range is an important ground test method for the study of hypersonic vehicles. After the accelerated launch, the projectile is separated from the sabots in the range tank. The actual flying posture of the projectile is affected by many factors occurring in the processes of model acceleration and separation. Therefore, it is helpful to operate the experiment by developing simulation techniques for ballistic range tests. Considering the above processes, a set of numerical simulation algorithms is built. More specifically, the unstructured dynamic grid technique and Adaptive Discontinuity Fitting solver(ADFs) are used to track the motion of the projectile and sabots, and the cell-centered finite volume method is utilized to update the flow field.
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Key words:
- ballistic range /
- numerical simulation /
- multi-bodies separation /
- hypersonic /
- shock-fitting
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图 5 弹道靶计算模型示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the computational model for ballistic range
图 8 加速阶段不同时刻的压强云图
Figure 8. Pressure iso-contours at different moments in the accelerated process
图 9 不同时刻激波附近的网格分布(从左至右：t=2.00ms, 3.00ms, 4.00ms)
Figure 9. Mesh distributions near the shock at different moments (from left to right: t=2.00ms, 3.00ms, 4.00ms)
图 11 加速过程弹丸和弹托的受力曲线
Figure 11. Aerodynamic force curves of projectile and sabots in the accelerated process
图 14 模型出膛过程的“虚拟挡板”示意图
Figure 14. Schematic of virtual baffles in the process of themodel leaving the muzzle
图 15 分离阶段不同时刻马赫数云图
Figure 15. Mach iso-contours at different moments in the process of sabot separation
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