Research progress on aerodynamic test technology of hypersonic wind tunnel for air-breathing aerocraft
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摘要: 机体/推进一体化吸气式飞行器结构布局形式特殊，为精确获得其气动力特性风洞试验数据，必须发展可靠的风洞试验技术。针对一体化高超声速飞行器气动力风洞试验需求，在中国空气动力研究与发展中心的高超声速风洞上发展了吸气式飞行器通气模型测力试验技术、尾喷流模拟测力试验技术、铰链力矩测量试验技术、通气模型动导数测量试验技术和飞行器表面摩阻测量试验技术，为获得可靠的机体/推进一体化吸气式飞行器高超声速风洞气动力特性数据提供技术支撑。Abstract: To get accurate wind tunnel test results with high precision for the airframe/propulsion integrated air-breathing hypersonic flight vehicles, reliable wind tunnel test techniques must be developed according to the vehicle's special configuration and structure. To satisfy the requirements of hypersonic wind tunnel tests for those airframe/propulsion integrated vehicles, the flow-through model aerodynamic force measurement technique, rear-jet interference test technique, hinge-moment measurement technique, flow-through model dynamic derivative test technique, and the surface skin-friction measurement technique have been developed in hypersonic wind tunnels of CARDC(China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center), which give massive support to those efforts to get authentic hypersonic wind tunnel test results for the design and evaluation of airframe/propulsion integrated air-breathing hypersonic flight vehicles.
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图 1 通气模型尾喷管处理与支撑方式示意图
Figure 1. Sketch of flow-through model nozzle reshaping and model support
图 3 尾喷流模拟测力试验装置示意图
Figure 3. Sketch of a rear-jet simulation aerodynamic force test device
图 12 通气模型俯仰动导数试验结果
Figure 12. Pitching dynamic derivative test results of a flow-through model
图 13 通气模型偏航动导数试验结果
Figure 13. Yawing dynamic derivative test results of a flow-through model
图 14 MEMS摩阻传感器总体结构与工作原理
Figure 14. Structure and principle of the MEMS skin-friction sensor
图 16 验证试验装置和风洞试验纹影照片
Figure 16. Test device in wind tunnle and schlichren photo of test
表 1 带喷流测力试验结果重复性精度
Table 1. Repeatability accuracy of aerodynamic test data in jet-simulation tests
精度 α/(°) CN/% CA/% Cm/% 精度
σα-4 0.21 0.03 0.05 -2 0.15 0.03 0.10 0 0.14 0.04 0.05 2 0.28 0.04 0.11 4 0.29 0.05 0.06 6 0.36 0.05 0.12 相对重复性精度
σα/Cmax-4 0.43 0.25 0.08 -2 0.32 0.26 0.17 0 0.14 0.27 0.08 2 0.30 0.35 0.19 4 0.32 0.31 0.10 6 0.59 0.36 0.20 
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表 2 试验自由来流参数
Table 2. Test parameters of free stream
马赫数
Ma总压pt
/MPa总温Tt
/K静压p
/Pa动压q/Pa 单位雷诺数Re/L
/m-16 2.8 470 1773 44 690 2.61×107
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表 3 某通气模型动导数试验重复性精度
Table 3. Data repeatability accuracy of a flow-through
序号 通道 迎角 0° 4° 8° 1 俯仰 2.9% 6.9% 4.1% 2 偏航 8.5% 3.1% 9.8% 3 滚转 2.1% 11.2% 8.8%
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表 4 传感器样机静态校准性能参数
Table 4. Static calibration results of MEMS skin-friction sensors
样机 量程
/Pa分辨率
/Pa系数kc
/(Pa·pF-1)重复性精度
/%线性度
/%1# 0~100 1 28.95 0.98 1.46 2# 0~100 1 39.48 1.14 0.96 3# 0~100 1 37.40 1.33 1.28 4# 0~100 1 38.28 1.15 1.26 6# 0~100 1 36.67 0.83 1.32 7# 0~100 1 44.94 0.42 0.54 9# 0~100 1 33.64 4.73 0.85
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