Experimental investigation on response characteristics of PIV tracer particles in high speed flow
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摘要: 示踪粒子的跟随响应能力是影响高速流动PIV测量精度的重要因素。针对法向马赫数大于1.4的高速流动所提出粒子松弛特性分析模型，结合理论分析与数值模拟方法，发展了高速流动下的示踪粒子布撒技术，提高了PIV技术定量化测量能力。基于上海交通大学多马赫数风洞，以不同粒径的氧化钛颗粒作为示踪粒子，利用PIV技术观测Ma4的高速流动诱导的一道22°激波，结果显示30nm粒径的示踪粒子有更优秀的跟随响应能力；并以该粒子进行了不同条件下（包括斜激波与脱体激波）的跟随性实验验证，为高速流动PIV示踪粒子选择提供了实验支撑。Abstract: The tracer's tracking ability is the key factor affecting the measurement accuracy of high speed PIV. Particle relaxation modeling is presented for high speed flow with the normal mach number over 1.4. Based on the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, high speed PIV and the tracer particle seeding technology are developed, and the quantificational measurement ability of PIV is improved. Recent experimental results were obtained by the Multi-Mach number high-speed wind tunnel in Shanghai JiaoTong university where titanium dioxides of various sizes were used as tracers in the Mach 4 wind tunnel to induce a 22° shock wave. The results reveal that the 30nm titanium dioxide particle is the most qualified option. Meanwhile, various shock wave experiments (including oblique shock wave and detached shock wave) were carried out to validate the particle tracing ability. In this paper, multiple experimental results are put forward to support the selection of tracer particles of high speed PIV.
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Key words:
- supersonic wind tunnel /
- PIV experiment /
- tracers /
- particle tracing ability /
- theoretical verification
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图 1 上海交通大学多马赫数风洞
Figure 1. Multi-Mach number high-speed wind tunnel of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
图 6 30 nm TiO2示踪粒子流场图和数值模拟图
Figure 6. Flow field images and numerical simulation results for 30nm TiO2
图 8 30°和45°尖劈模型的流场图和数值模拟图
Figure 8. Flow field and number simulation images for 30° and 45° models
表 1 实验工况
Table 1. Conditions of test cases
Ma Specific heat ratio γ Total-temperature/K Total-pressure/MPa 4 1.39 400 0.4 
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表 2 10°模型下示踪粒子松弛特性
Table 2. Relaxation characteristics of tracer particles on 10° wedge model
30nm 100nm Relative Reynold number 0.03 0.1 Particle Knudsen number 14 4 Relative Mach number 0.29(t=τ) Relaxation time/μs 1.55 5.24 Relaxation distance/mm 0.38 1.29
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表 3 30nm示踪粒子尖劈模型诱导激波特性
Table 3. Induced shockwave characteristics over wedge models with 30nm tracer particles
10°wedge 30°wedge Relative Reynold number 0.03 0.08 Particle Knudsen number 14 14 Relative Mach number 0.27 0.78 Shock wave angle/(°) 22 44 Freestream velocity U/(m·s-1) 797.8 797.8 Velocity Un1/(m·s-1) 299.7 565.1 Shockwave strength Man1 3.71 2.87 Velocity Un2/(m·s-1) 157.6 151.9 Relaxation time/μs 1.55 1.97 Relaxation distance/mm 0.38 0.81
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表 5 激波角与误差
Table 5. Shock wave angels and error of 30° and 45° models
10°模型 30°模型 45°模型 (度数) 误差 (度数) 误差 理论值 22.23 0 44.07 0 脱体激波 实验值 21.75 -2.1% 42.64 -3.2% 数值模拟 23.55 5.9% 44.28 0.5%
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