Research on underwater flat plate wall shear stress measurement with MEMS sensors array
-
摘要: 围绕水下平板壁面剪应力测量进行了一系列的试验测试研究工作，包括MEMS壁面剪应力传感器标定、平板模型设计、微弱信号测量系统开发、平板边界层参数估计与CFD仿真分析以及近壁面速度剖面LDV测量等。对于速度为0.2~0.7m/s的来流，基于MEMS传感器阵列对水下壁面剪应力进行了测量，同时使用LDV进行速度剖面测量，并通过对速度剖面的拟合求解出平均壁面剪应力值。通过比较可知，MEMS测量结果、LDV速度剖面法拟合结果和经验公式计算结果三者一致性较好，相互之间差别在5%以内。Abstract: Aiming at underwater wall shear stress measurement, researches have been conducted which include MEMS wall shear stress sensors calibration, flat plate model design, weak signal detection system development, flat plate boundary parameter estimation and CFD analysis, and near-wall LDV boundary layer profile measurement. The local free stream velocities ranging from 0.2m/s to 0.7m/s are adopted for the underwater flat plate test in a precision water flume. And the wall shear stress is directly measured by MEMS sensors array. Also the boundary layer profiles of the investigated area upon the plate surface are detected with LDV and mean wall shear stress values are extrapolated. The results from the MEMS sensors match well with those from the LDV velocity profile fittings and are in good agreement with empirical estimations with an overall bias less than 5%.
-
Key words:
- MEMS /
- LDV /
- boundary layer /
- underwater flat plate /
- wall shear stress
-
图 1 用于壁面剪应力检测试验的平板模型
Figure 1. Schematic of the flat plate model for WSS benchmark tests
图 2 水下MEMS壁面剪应力传感器阵列(西工大)
Figure 2. MEMS sensors array for underwater WSS measurement calibration (courtesy of NPU)
图 3 热膜式传感器阵列数据采集框图(加平衡环节)
Figure 3. Data acquisition diagram of hot-film sensor array(with the OBS)
图 8 LDV的布置图(边界层速度剖面测量)
Figure 8. LDV arrangement for detection of boundary layer velocity profiles
图 9 低流速下速度剖面与Blausis解的比较
Figure 9. Velocity profiles for lower freestream velocities compared with Blausis
图 10 高流速度下速度剖面与Spalding速度剖面的比较
Figure 10. Velocity profiles for higher freestream velocities compared with Spalding
图 11 壁面剪应力测量和经验估值结果比较
Figure 11. Comparison of WSS among measurement results and empirical estimations
表 1 标定公式拟合结果
Table 1. Fitting results of calibration equation
表 2 MEMS测量结果(5号敏感单元)
Table 2. Results of MEMS sensors
表 3 平板边界层基本流动参数
Table 3. Flat plate boundary layer parameters
表 4 壁面剪应力测量和经验估值结果(5号敏感单元)
Table 4. Wall shear stress from measurements and empirical estimations(5# MEMS element)
-
[1] Haritonidis J. The measurement of wall shear stress[J]. Advances in Fluid Mechanics Measurements, 1989: 229-261. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234539712_The_Measurement_of_Wall_Shear_Stress [2] Naughton J W, Sheplak M. Modern developments in shear-stress measurement[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2002, 38(6): 515-570. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245217252_Modern_developments_in_shear-stress_measurement [3] Etebari A. Recent innovations in wall shear stress sensor technologies[J]. Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 1(1): 22-28. doi: 10.2174/2212797610801010022 [4] Löfdahl L, Gad-el-Hak M. MEMS-based pressure and shear stress sensors for turbulent flows[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 1999, 10(8): 665. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/10/8/302 [5] Crafton J W, Fonov S D, Jones E G, et al. Measurements of skin friction in water using surface stress sensitive films[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2008, 19: 075801. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/19/7/075801 [6] 肖同新, 马炳和, 邓进军, 等.基于柔性热膜传感器的流体壁面剪应力测量系统[J].传感器与微系统, 2013, 32(7): 101-105. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CGQJ201307031.htmXiao T X, Ma B H, Deng J J, et al. Fluid wall shear stress measurement system based on flexible hot film sensor[J]. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2013, 32(7): 101-105. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CGQJ201307031.htm [7] Natarajan V, Kathiresan M, Thomas K A, et al. MEMS sensors for underwater applications[J]. Micro and Smart Devices and Systems, 2014: 487-502. [8] Ma B, Ren J, Deng J, et al. Flexible thermal sensor array on PI film substrate for underwater applications[C]. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), IEEE 23rd International Conference on IEEE, 2010, 679-682. [9] Tian Y K, Xie H, Huang H, et al. Calibration of MEMS shear stress sensors array in water flume for underwater applications[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014). Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2014. [10] 田于逵, 谢华, 黄欢, 等. MEMS壁面剪应力传感器阵列水下标定实验研究[J].实验流体力学, 2015, 29(2): 8-12, 25. http://www.syltlx.com/CN/abstract/abstract10819.shtmlTian Y K, Xie H, Huang H, et al. Calibration research of MEMS shear stress sensor array[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2015, 29(2): 8-12, 25. http://www.syltlx.com/CN/abstract/abstract10819.shtml [11] 黄欢, 孙海浪, 田于逵, 等. 水下MEMS剪应力标定试验压力监测方案设计[C]. 全国水动力学学术会议暨全国水动力学研讨会, 2014: 501-506.Huang H, Sun H L, Tian Y K, et al. Pressure monitor project design of under water MEMS shear stress cabibration test[C]. Proceedings of National Congress on Hydrodynamics & National COnference on Hydrodynamics, 2014: 501-506. [12] 黄欢, 孙海浪, 田于逵, 等.水下MEMS壁面剪应力传感器标定方案仿真分析与实验验证[J].实验流体力学, 2016, 30(2): 79-83, 102. http://www.syltlx.com/CN/abstract/abstract10921.shtmlHuang H, Sun H L, Tian Y K, et al. CFD analysis and experimental validation on the scheme of calibration for MEMS wall shear stress sensors array for underwater applications[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 30(2): 79-83, 102. http://www.syltlx.com/CN/abstract/abstract10921.shtml [13] Blasius H. Grenzschichten in flussikeiten mit kleiner reibung[J]. Z Angew Math Phys, 1908: 56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36031423_Grenzschichten_in_flussigkeiten_mit_kleiner_reibung [14] Tian Y K, Shen X, Sun H L, et al. Experimental verification of wall shear stress measurement with MEMS sensors array for underwater applications with flat plate benchmark tests[C]//Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2016), Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands, 2016. [15] Spalding D B. A single formula for the "law of the wall"[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1961, 28(3): 455-458. doi: 10.1115/1.3641728 [16] Schlichting H. Boundary layer theory[M]. 7th ed, McGraw-hill Series in Mechanical Engineering, ISBN 0-07-055334-3, 1979. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244981858_Schlichting_H_Boundary-Layer_Theory_Transl_by_J_Kestin_7th_ed_McGraw-Hill_Series_in_Mechanical_Engineering_New_York-St_Louis-San_Francisco-Auckland-Bogota-Dusseldorf-Johannesburg-London-Madrid-Mexico- [17] White F M. Viscous fluid flow[M]. 2nd ed, McGraw-hill, New York, 1991. [18] Kendall A. A method for estimating wall friction in turbulent boundary layer[C]//Proceedings of 25th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology & Ground Testing Conference, San Francisco, 2006. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304067624_Transition_in_Hypersonic_Boundary_Layers_Role_of_Dilatational_Waves [19] 王光华, 刘宝杰, 刘涛, 等.利用PIV技术对平板湍流边界层的实验研究[J].自然科学进展, 1999, 9(12): 1198-1203. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZKJZ1999S1007.htmWang G H, Liu B J, Liu T, et al. Experimental study of the turbulent boundary layer using PIV[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 1999, 9(12): 1198-1203. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZKJZ1999S1007.htm [20] 潘光, 黄桥高, 胡海豹, 等.基于热线技术的脊状表面湍流边界层流动参数测试方法研究[J].测控技术, 2009, 28(4): 18-24. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-IKJS200904005.htmPan G, Huang Q G, Hu H B, et al. Research about the testing method of flow parameters of turbulent boundary layer over riblet surface based on hot wire technology[J]. Measurement & Control Technology, 2009, 28(4): 18-24. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-IKJS200904005.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 188
- HTML全文浏览量: 91
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
