Experiment study of propulsion-induced flow on aircraft aerodynamics
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摘要: 飞机气动力特性是飞机特性的基本表征。发动机的引流对气动力的影响直接关系到气动力建模的准确性、飞行品质和飞行安全。将真实涡喷发动机安装在某缩比验证飞机内，较逼真地研究了发动机推力大小、空气流动速度大小和方向等对气动力的影响。结果表明，发动机引流对验证机气动力的影响主要体现在轴向力、法向力和俯仰力矩上，发动机推力越大，引流效果越明显，且在超过失速迎角后的某迎角处法向力和俯仰力矩的增量达到最大值；而在不同侧滑角、一定风速范围内以及舵面偏转等情况下，发动机引流引起的气动力增量主要表现在失速迎角附近。因此在进行大迎角机动研究时，必须考虑发动机引流对气动力的影响。Abstract: The characteristics of aircraft aerodynamic are the fundamental characteristics of aircraft. The influence of the propulsion-induced flow on the aerodynamic force is directly related to the accuracy of the aerodynamic modeling, the flight quality and the flight safety. A real turbojet engine is installed in a scaled-down aircraft model, and a more realistic static force measurement test is conducted under the different engine thrust force, air flow velocity and direction conditions. The results show that the influence of the propulsion-induced flow is mainly reflected in the axial force, the normal force and the pitching moment. The greater the engine thrust is, the more obvious the propulsion-induced effect is. And the maximum increment value of the normal force and the pitching moment appears with an angle of attack larger than the stall angle of attack. And the sideslip angle, wind speed (small range), as well as the control surfaces deflection caused by the aerodynamic increment is mainly manifested in the stall angle of attack. Therefore, the impact of propulsion-induced effect must be considered in the high angle of attack maneuver study.
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图 4 发动机引流引起的气动力增量随油门指令变化
Figure 4. The influence of engine-induced aerodynamics varies with the throttle command
图 5 发动机引流引起的气动力增量随风速变化
Figure 5. The variance of engine-induced aerodynamic force with the wind speed
图 6 发动机引流引起的气动力增量随侧滑角变化
Figure 6. The variance of engine-induced aerodynamic force with the sideslip angle
图 7 发动机引流引起的气动力增量随舵面偏转变化
Figure 7. The variance of engine-induced aerodynamic force with different control surfaces
表 1 FL-51风洞参数表
Table 1. Parameters of the FL-51 wind tunnel
性能指标 参数值 试验段截面尺寸/m 4.5×3.5 试验段长度/m 6 试验段有效截面积/m2 15.75 空风洞最大风速/(m·s-1) 85 最大雷诺数 2.98×106 
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表 2 油门指令和发动机推力之间的对应关系
Table 2. The correspondance between throttle command and engine thrust
油门指令(δT) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 发动机推力/N 7.4 16.5 35.7 68.2
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