Development of near-space-vehicle anemometer and calibration tests in low-temperature-low-static-pressure wind tunnel
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摘要: 本文介绍了一种新型临近空间低速飞行器风速测量装置。风速仪基于旋转测压旋杆、增加测压旋杆两端测压探头动压的原理设计，在临近空间环境和超低动压条件下具有较高的风速测量精度。在中国电子科技集团公司第二十一研究所的临近空间环境模拟风洞中开展了低温低压低风速测量标定试验，试验来流速度范围为5~14m/s。试验结果表明，测量的动压信号与正/余弦函数拟合结果一致性较高，压差测量值的相对量可信度较高。此外，压差幅值信号与来流风速成线性关系，通过线性拟合的方法获得风速仪的测量标定模型。
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关键词:
- 临近空间 /
- 风速测量 /
- 临近空间环境模拟风洞 /
- 风洞试验
Abstract: A new kind of anemometer to measure the air speed of the near-space low speed vehicle is introduced in this paper. This equipment is designed based on the theory that rotating the measuring arms increases the acquired dynamic pressure. Benefitted from this theory, the anemometer can measure the wind speed with reasonable precision in situations of ultralow dynamic pressure in the near space environment. A series of tests are completed in the near-space environment simulation wind tunnel in the 21th Research Institute of CETC, whose inflow air speed is available from 5 to 14 meters per second. The results show that the measured dynamic pressure curves are coincident with the sine function curves and there is a significant linear correlation between the amplitude of the dynamic pressure and the inflow airspeed. Based on the linear fit method, a calibration model of the anemometer is established. -
图 3 压差信号随时间变化仿真曲线
Figure 3. Simulation curve of the differential dependent on time dynamic pressure
图 5 风速仪试验现场照片
Figure 5. Picture of rotation anemometer in test section of the wind tunnel
图 7 压差测量数据与正弦/余弦拟合结果对比图 (来流温度10℃，旋杆转速500r/min，理论风速10.36m/s)
Figure 7. Comparison of measurements and sine fit results (with inflow temperature of 10℃, pressure-measuring arms rotating rates of 500r/min, and wind speed of 10.36m/s)
图 8 压差测量数据与正弦/余弦拟合结果对比图 (来流温度-60℃，旋杆转速600r/min，理论风速8.7 m/s)
Figure 8. Comparison of measurements and sine fit results (with inflow temperature of-60℃, pressure-measuring arms rotating rates of 600r/min, and wind speed of 8.7m/s)
图 9 理论风速-压差幅值测量值及线性拟合曲线 (来流温度-60℃，旋杆转速600r/min)
Figure 9. Amplitude of differential dynamic pressure data and linear fit results from wind speed (with inflow temperature of-60℃, and pressure-measuring arms rotating rates of 600r/min)
图 10 旋杆转速600r/min时的风速仪标定曲线 (来流温度-60℃，静压7kPa)
Figure 10. Calibration curve of anemometer at rotation rate of 600r/min (with inflow temperature of-60℃, and static pressure of 7kPa)
图 11 旋杆转速500r/min时的风速仪标定曲线 (来流温度-60℃，静压7kPa)
Figure 11. Calibration curve of anemometer at rotation rate of 500r/min (with inflow temperature of-60℃, and static pressure of 7kPa)
表 1 不同温度不同转速下的线性拟合斜率比
Table 1. Fit slope at different test temperatures and rotating rates
来流
温度/℃理论风速
/(m·s-1)旋杆转速
/(r·min-1)斜率
a斜率
比转速比 10 6.3、10.4、13.8 600 1.1261 1.184 1.2 500 0.9513 -60 5.4、8.7、11.6 600 2.3710 1.209 1.2 500 1.9596 
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表 2 不同转速下风速仪的标定系数及误差
Table 2. Calibration coefficients and error in tests
风速标定表 转速600r/min Pearson相关性系数 0.997 数值 标准差 常数项 -2.97107 0.81596 斜率 0.41977 0.02892 转速500r/min Pearson相关性系数 0.998 数值 标准差 常数项 -3.27498 0.75244 斜率 0.50836 0.03151
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