Uncertainty assessment for aerodynamic test in Φ0.5m hypersonic wind tunnel
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摘要: 基于AGARD（AGARD-AR-304）和AIAA（AIAA S-071A-1995）的风洞试验不确定度评估标准，对评估流程进行了扩展，应用到Φ0.5m高超声速风洞。具体包括：根据试验流程辨识得到风洞试验的不确定度源；对试验的自变量进行不确定度的评估，包括其偏差极限和精度极限的具体值；最后基于标准的方法评估了显性自变量引入的不确定度，并运用线性插值的方法评估了迎角引入的不确定度。通过一升力体外形飞行器的评估结果，发现系统误差引入的不确定度占主导地位；CN、CA和Cm 3个大量的不确定度值在不同迎角时有显著差异，并且Cm的不确定度相对较大；不确定度敏感性结果显示天平和总压传感器引入的不确定度起主导作用。Abstract: Based on AGARD(AGARD-AR-304) and AIAA(AIAA S-071A-1995) of wind tunnel test uncertainty assessment, the standard is extended to the Φ0.5m hypersonic wind tunnel test. The specific procedure is:distinguish all the uncertainty sources according to the test process; estimate the uncertainty of independent variables, including the value of bias limit and precision limit; finally assess the uncertainty from dominance independent variables based on the standard, and assess the uncertainty from the attack angle using the linear interpolation. The result of a lifting model shows that the systematic errors are the major contributor to the uncertainty; the uncertainty results of CN, CA and Cm are notably different at different attack angles, while the relative uncertainty of Cm has the maximum value; the sensitivity analysis shows that the uncertainty from the balance and the total-pressure probe dominates the result.
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Key words:
- uncertainty /
- bias limit /
- precision limit /
- wind tunnel test /
- attack angle
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图 7 CN主要自变量的敏感性随迎角的变化
Figure 7. Senstitivity of independent variables at different attack angles
图 8 CA主要自变量的敏感性随迎角的变化
Figure 8. Sensitivity of independent variables at different attack angles
表 1 Φ0.5m高超声速风洞的不确定度源
Table 1. Uncertainty sources in Φ0.5m hypersonic wind tunnel
类别 项目 具体源头 试验技术 天平校准 校准各环节误差 弹性角校准 校准各环节误差 支撑机构 迎角运行误差 侧滑角运行误差 天平滚转角 安装的误差 参考长度测量 高度尺、游标卡尺等示值误差 测量人员的读数误差 温度漂移 温度效应 测试仪器 压力传感器 量程误差 分辨率 K型热电偶 测量误差 压力信号采集卡 量程误差 截断误差 天平信号采集卡 量程误差 线性偏差 风洞流场 马赫数校测 校测各环节误差 
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表 2 Φ0.5m高超声速风洞的自变量
Table 2. Independent variables of Φ0.5m hypersonic wind tunnel
参数 代号 单位 驻室压力 pc1 Pa pc2 Pa 模型底压 pd1 Pa pd2 Pa 总压 △p01 Pa △p02 Pa 运行迎角 α0 ° 天平安装滚转角 △φ ° 对质心力矩系数的参考距离 lgz m lgx1 m lgx2 m 马赫数 Ma 弹性角系数 KαMz °/kg/m KαY °/kg 天平各元载荷 Q kg Y kg Z kg Mx kg·m My kg·m Mz kg·m
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表 3 一升力体外形的部分不确定度结果
Table 3. Uncertainty result of a lifting model
α CN CA Cm 偏差极限 精度极限 不确定度 偏差极限 精度极限 不确定度 偏差极限 精度极限 不确定度 -10 0.02608 0.00273 0.02622 0.00404 0.00066 0.00409 0.00591 0.00203 0.00625 -7.5 0.02135 0.00263 0.02151 0.00369 0.00065 0.00375 0.00487 0.00168 0.00515 -5 0.01655 0.00257 0.01675 0.00336 0.00065 0.00342 0.00394 0.00133 0.00415 -2.5 0.01167 0.00240 0.01192 0.00304 0.00064 0.00310 0.00276 0.00096 0.00293 0 0.00828 0.00240 0.00863 0.00281 0.00064 0.00289 0.00194 0.00072 0.00207 2.5 0.00753 0.00241 0.00790 0.00261 0.00063 0.00269 0.00145 0.00067 0.00160 5 0.01056 0.00251 0.01086 0.00250 0.00063 0.00258 0.00173 0.00087 0.00194 7.5 0.01554 0.00264 0.01576 0.00247 0.00063 0.00254 0.00258 0.00123 0.00286 10 0.02144 0.00291 0.02164 0.00245 0.00063 0.00253 0.00368 0.00166 0.00404 12.5 0.02820 0.00331 0.02839 0.00246 0.00063 0.00254 0.00495 0.00217 0.00541 15 0.03579 0.00372 0.03598 0.00245 0.00063 0.00253 0.00639 0.00274 0.00696 17.5 0.04393 0.00424 0.04414 0.00241 0.00063 0.00249 0.00794 0.00337 0.00862 20 0.05260 0.00470 0.05281 0.00236 0.00063 0.00244 0.00959 0.00339 0.01017
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