Development and application of the force-measuring balance in impulse combustion wind tunnel tests
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摘要: 介绍了一种用于脉冲燃烧风洞高超重载模型冷、热态测力试验的腹支内式六分量应变天平研制方案。燃烧脉冲风洞试验时间短、冲击载荷大，模型重量大，要求天平能够快速响应，设计方案兼顾了刚度和灵敏度，天平静校指标满足要求。试验结果表明，天平输出信号与燃烧室压力的跟随性良好，能够正确反映模型的受力状态，轴向力系数的重复性精度达到了1.6%，天平性能稳定，由模型/天平/支架构成的测力系统在轴向力、法向力和俯仰力矩3个分量上输出信号的主频均满足脉冲风洞的测力要求。该天平方案满足重载模型在脉冲燃烧风洞试验中的测力要求。Abstract: A design scheme of strutting internal six-component strain gage balance is developed to meet the requirements of aerodynamic load tests for big-weight hypersonic models under cold and hot conditions in the impulse combustion wind tunnel. The fast-response ability of balances is crucial in hypersonic force-measuring tests because of short test duration, serious impulsive load and big model weight. The mutually exclusive stiffness and sensitivity are coordinated. The balance is qualified according to static calibration results. Demonstrated by the test results, the consistency between the output signal of the balance and the combustor pressure is good, which indicates that the balance accurately reflects the aerodynamic loads of the model. Stability of the balance is confirmed by the axial force coefficient precision of 1.6% in the repeated calibration tests, and the eigen frequencies of the axial force, normal force and pitch moment signal satisfy the criteria in impulse wind tunnel tests. In conclusion, the balance has met the requirements of aerodynamic load tests of hypersonic vehicle models in impulse combustion wind tunnels.
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Key words:
- strain gage balance /
- impulse combustion wind tunnel /
- fast-response
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表 1 天平材料力学性能
Table 1. Mechanical properties of the balance material
材料 σb/M Pa σs/MPa E/GPa G/GPa ρ/(kg·m-3) 00Ni18Co9Mo5TiAl 1862 1754 187.25 64.25 8000 
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表 2 天平强度校核结果
Table 2. Strength assessment results of the balance
载荷 分量/(kN,kN·m) von Mises X Y Z Mx My Mz σmax/MPa 天平量程 8 25 10 1.5 3 5 203.1 冲击载荷 20 53 60 6 12 30 778.4
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表 3 模拟加载天平输出
Table 3. Simulative output of the balance
输出 X/(μV·V-1) Y/(μV·V-1) Z/(μV·V-1) Mx/(μV·V-1) My/(μV·V-1) Mz/(μV·V-1) X 1793.44 0.22 0.11 0.22 -0.11 69.3 Y 2.75 2747.24 -1.21 1.43 0.99 -3.85 Z -1.1 0 923.01 -157.96 -0.77 0.44 Mx -0.88 -0.99 63.03 1019.15 -0.11 -5.17 My 0 -0.55 0.44 -0.33 -541.64 0.11 Mz -32.23 1.65 0.04 3.85 -0.04 -1076.35
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表 4 天平静校结果
Table 4. Static calibration results of the balance
分量 X Y Z Mx My Mz 设计载荷/kN，kN·m 8 25 10 1.5 3 5 校准载荷/kN，kN·m 8 8 8 1 1.6 2.8 综合加载重复性/% 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 综合加载误差/% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.32 0.49 0.15
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表 6 天平信号主频和有效数据周期数
Table 6. Eigen frequency and number of periods of the valid balance signal
分量 主频/Hz 周期数 X 36.4 13 Y 51.5 19 Mz 25.3 9
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表 5 重复性考核结果
Table 5. Results of the repeated calibration
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 平均值 标准差 精度 风洞总压(归一化) 0.436 0.44 0.436 0.444 0.444 0.446 0.442 0.44 0.442 0.442 3.49×10-3 0.0079 CX 0.137 0.141 0.141 0.141 0.142 0.143 0.142 0.137 0.137 0.14 2.20×10-3 0.016
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