Study and development of total pressure probe and pitot tube in 3m×2m icing wind tunnel
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摘要: 针对国内首座大型结冰风洞的调试和运行，设计了具有防除冰功能的总压探针和皮托管。采用了新的制造工艺在内腔狭小的管内盘绕布置加热器，并通过合理分配加热器密度，解决了新工艺带来的加热器易受损和局部过热问题；使用电源可调压技术，在不同试验状态下调节加热功率，避免整体过热或防除冰能力不足。静态测试、校准和风洞试验数据表明，研制的总压探针和皮托管可有效用于结冰风洞特殊环境。Abstract: The total pressure probe and the pitot tube with the anti-icing/deicing functions are important measurement equipment in icing wind tunnels for which the aerodynamic design is critical. Taking a cue from some airspeed head's manufacture, the total pressure probe and the pitot tube are designed, by using new techniques and deploying the proper heated cable distribution. They show reasonable results in the ground-based static testing, calibration and experiment in the icing wind tunnel with high reliability and insulating property according to China national military standard.
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Key words:
- icing wind tunnel /
- anti-icing/deicing system /
- total pressure probe /
- pitot tube /
- reliability /
- insulating property
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图 7 皮托管加热电缆布置示意图
Figure 7. Diagrammatic sketch of the heating cable twined around the pitot tube
图 8 主试验段稳定段总压、试验段入口静压和试验段风速
Figure 8. Flow characteristics measured with the total pressure probe and the pitot tube
图 9 ACA 0012翼型结冰风洞试验结果
Figure 9. Testing result of NACA 0012 in 3m×2m icing wind tunnel
图 10 结冰验证性试验结果与国外参考结果冰形对比
Figure 10. Comparison of test results with foreign references
表 1 与某型空速管防除冰性能对比表(AC 115V)
Table 1. Comparison among pitot tubes
整体稳定功率/W 总压口稳定功率/W 拐角处加热功率/W 材料传热系数/(W·m-2·k-1) 壁厚/mm 总压口表面功率密度/(W·mm-2) 拐角处表面功率密度/(W·mm-2) 某型空速管 300 44.2 157 90 1.2 0.054 0.021 皮托管 300 48.3 100 108.9 1.2 0.064 0.0506 总压探针 155 48.3 / 108.9 1.2 0.076 / 
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表 2 皮托管校准系数
Table 2. Calibration coefficients of the pitot tube
皮托管编号 N0030001 N0030002 N0030003 N0030004 校准系数(ξ) 1.010384 1.012226 1.014766 1.010657 皮托管编号 N0030005 N0030006 N0030009 N0020001 校准系数(ξ) 1.002591 1.011154 1.009392 0.987981
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