CO<sub>2</sub>电弧加热器电热特性研究

欧东斌; 杨国铭; 朱兴营; 文鹏; 张智; 曾徽

doi:10.11729/syltlx20220065

CO₂电弧加热器电热特性研究

doi: 10.11729/syltlx20220065

中国航天空气动力技术研究院电弧等离子体应用装备北京市重点实验室，北京　100074

详细信息

作者简介:
欧东斌：（1979—），男，四川阆中人，研究员。研究方向：气动热与热防护试验技术。通信地址：北京市7201信箱15分箱（100074）。E-mail：oudongbin@sina.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：oudongbin@sina.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-13
- 录用日期: 2023-01-08
- 修回日期: 2022-11-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-07

Study on electric and thermal characteristics of CO₂ arc heater

Beijing Key Laboratory of Arc Plasma Application Equipment, China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, Beijing　100074, China

摘要

摘要: 在300 kW管式电弧加热器上，通过试验测定了CO₂介质和空气介质条件下的伏安特性和热效率数据。基于相似参数进行回归分析，得到了可同时应用于CO₂介质和空气介质的电热特性关系式，并与国外类似电弧加热器进行了比较。研究结果表明：CO₂和空气电弧加热器的电热特性相似，在相同输入参数（电弧电流、气体质量流量）下，CO₂介质比空气介质条件下的弧室总压平均低18%，但电弧电压、焓值和热效率分别高5.9%、6.7%和10.9%；通过统一关系式得到的数据和试验数据一致性较好，伏安特性和热效率回归误差分别为−13%～11.4%和−33.0%～34.7%。
- CO₂ /
- 电弧加热器 /
- 伏安特性 /
- 热效率 /
- 相似理论
Abstract: On the 300 kW DC axial tube electrode arc heater, the U–I characteristics and thermal efficiency of CO₂ and air are measured by experiment, and the regression analysis is carried out by using the similarity criterion number. The unified relationship of electric and thermal characteristics that can be applied to the two media is obtained, and compared with similar heaters abroad. The results show that CO₂ and air arc heaters have similar electric and thermal characteristics, under the same input parameters (arc current and gas flow); the total pressure of CO₂ is 18% lower than that of air, but the arc voltage, enthalpy and thermal efficiency are 5.9%, 6.7% and 10.9% higher respectively; the regression errors of U–I characteristics and thermal efficiency are −13.0%～11.4% and −33.0%～34.7% respectively. This relationship plays an important guiding role in the operation and commissioning of the high-power arc heater.
- CO₂ /
- arc heater /
- U–I characteristic /
- thermal efficiency /
- similarity theory

HTML全文

图 1 300 kW电弧加热器示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of the 300 kW arc heater

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图 2 电弧加热器特性研究试验台

Figure 2. Experimental system for characteristics research of the arc heater

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图 3 等离子体射流

Figure 3. Plasma jet

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图 4 电弧加热器伏安特性

Figure 4. U–I characteristic data of arc heater

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图 5 D_c/D_a对电弧加热器伏安特性的影响

Figure 5. Effect of D_c/D_a on U–I characteristics of arc heater

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图 6 不同介质对伏安特性的影响

Figure 6. Effect of different media on U–I characteristics

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图 7 电弧加热器电压数回归相关性

Figure 7. Regression correlation of voltage number of arc heater

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图 8 不同电弧加热器特性对比^[8]

Figure 8. Comparison of characteristics of different arc heaters^[8]

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图 9 不同功率电弧加热器电压数比较

Figure 9. Comparison of voltage numbers of arc heaters with different power

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图 10 电弧加热器的热效率

Figure 10. Thermal efficiency data of arc heater

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图 11 不同气体介质下的热效率比较

Figure 11. Comparison of thermal efficiency of different media

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图 12 不同气体介质下的容积焓比较

Figure 12. Comparison of enthalpy of different media

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图 13 电弧加热器热效率回归相关性

Figure 13. Regression correlation of thermal efficiency of arc heater

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表 1 试验条件

Table 1. Test condition

调整参数	参数范围
调整参数	空气	CO₂
长径比L/D	8.3，11.1，14.6
D_c/D_a	1.25，1.67
电弧电流I/A	100～1000
励磁电流I_B/A	0～50
气体质量流量G/（g·s⁻¹）	5.0～13.4	6.0～12.0

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表 2 回归方程显著性检验

Table 2. Significance verification of regression equation

方程	R²	σ²	Q_R	Q_E	F	$\|t\| $	显著性检验结果
4	0.988	0.041	50.845	0.223	14826.2	148.3（Π_h），22.3（Π_Re）	显著
5	0.989	0.029	6.305	0.0476	3772.3	84.3（Π_h），18.7（Π_Re）	显著
7	0.996	0.038	77.289	0.306	12990.6	170.7（Π_h），24.0（Π_Re），5.9（D_c/D_a），52.7（Pr）	显著
注：R为复相关系数；σ²为标准方差；Q_R为回归离差平方和，Q_E为残差平方和；F=[Q_R/k][Q_E/(n−k−1)]，n为自由度，k为自变量个数；$\|t\| $为自变量的t校验系数。

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