Research on key technologies of heat exchanger design for large-scale continuous high speed wind tunnel
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摘要: 随着大型连续式高速风洞运行功率和精细化测试要求的提高，对风洞热交换器性能提出了越来越高的要求，集中体现在换热压损性能、温度场均匀性和气流扰动特性3个方面。结合近年研究成果，对大型连续式高速风洞热交换器设计中的关键技术及研究成果进行了综述。分析了风洞热交换器的需求特点，总结了影响各种性能的主要因素。介绍了高效低压损设计技术、温度场均匀性控制技术和气流扰动控制技术，给出了热交换器换热效率和压力损失综合权衡的设计原则，阐述了换热芯体排列方式、冷却水流量及进水方式、热交换器段截面形状等对温度场均匀性的影响，以及来流条件和热交换器结构对气流扰动的特性。Abstract: With the increase of the operation power and higher requirement on the fine measurement of the large-scale continuous high speed wind tunnel, higher performance of the wind tunnel heat exchanger is required, which is mainly reflected in the heat transfer and pressure loss performance, temperature field uniformity and flow field perturbation characteris-tics. Based on recent years' research, the key technologies and research results in the design of the large-scale continuous high speed wind tunnel heat exchanger are comprehensively discussed. Firstly, the required characteristics of the wind tunnel heat exchanger are analyzed, and the main factors affecting various performances are summarized. Then the high efficiency low-pressure loss design technology is introduced along with the temperature uniformity control technology and the airflow disturbance control technology. The principles of comprehensive trade-off of the heat transfer efficiency and pressure loss of the heat exchanger are presented. And the influences of the heat transfer core arrangement, cooling water flow and its inlet direction, cross section shape of the heat exchanger segment on the temperature field uniformity are discussed. Finally the flow disturbance characteristics downstream of the heat exchanger under different flow conditions and heat exchanger structures are analyzed.
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图 2 不同换热管排列方式下的温度分布
Figure 2. Distribution of temperature in different arrangements of heat transfer tubes
图 3 某大型连续式高速风洞热交换器模块布局方案
Figure 3. Module layout scheme of heat exchanger in a large-scale continuous high speed wind tunnel
图 4 多排管束气流出口温度分布
Figure 4. Outlet gas temperature distribution of multi-row heat transfer tubes
图 6 带包覆外壳体腔体的气流温度分布
Figure 6. Gas temperature distribution of heat exchanger with stagnant zone
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