Research on fluid-thermal coupling simulation of water-cooled calorimeter and experimental analysis
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摘要: 研制了一种包含球冠测热体和热防护罩的球头水卡量热计，建立了球冠测热体与测试水的流热耦合模型，基于该模型和热流标定试验分析了水道内水温分布特点及其对热流测量的影响。结果表明：水道内测试水离受热面越近，水温越高，且沿水道径向的温度梯度越大；测试水质量流率越小，沿水道轴向和径向的温度梯度越大，热流计算结果因水温测点位置不同的差异就越大。设计水卡时应使热电偶尽可能远离受热面并靠近水道中轴线；使用前需进行热流标定，确定合适的测试水质量流率范围，获得准确的修正系数。试验结果表明，该球头水卡量热计能够应用于长时间、高精度、多状态的驻点热流测量。Abstract: A kind of spherical water-cooled calorimeter including the ball crown calorific body and the heat shield is developed. The fluid-thermal coupling model of the calorific body and test water is established. The water temperature distribution characteristics in the waterway and the influence of water temperature on the heat flux measurement result are analyzed based on the model and heat flux calibration test. The results show that the closer the water in the waterway is to the heated surface, the higher the water temperature is and the greater the radial temperature gradient is. The smaller the water mass flow rate is, the greater the radial and axial temperature gradients are. So the thermocouple should be kept away from the heated surface and closer to the central axis of the waterway when the water-cooled calorimeter is designed. And the water-cooled calorimeter should be calibrated and the appropriate water mass flow rate range needs to be determined before use. Finally, the test results show that the spherical water-cooled calorimeter can be used to measure the stagnation point heat flux accurately in the long-term arc-heated wind tunnel test with multiple heat flux states.
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图 5 不同轴向位置的水温沿径向的分布
Figure 5. Water temperature distribution along radial direction at different axial positions
图 6 不同温差计算方式的计算偏差
Figure 6. Calculation deviations by different temperature difference calculation methods
图 10 风洞试验中的水卡量热计热流测试曲线
Figure 10. Heat flux test curve of water-cooled calorimeter in wind tunnel test
表 1 9种温差计算方式
Table 1. Nine temperature difference calculation methods
序 号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 xin /（10−2 m） 2 1 −1 2 1 −1 2 1 −1 xout /（10−2 m） 2 2 2 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 
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表 2 不同进出水测温点位置下的修正系数
Table 2. Correction coefficients at different measuring locations of inlet and outlet water
序号 $ x_{{{\text{in}}}}' $/mm $ x_{{{\text{out}}}}' $/mm 测试水质量流率/（g·s−1） 修正系数 1 33 33 9.17 1.07 2 21 33 8.67 1.16 3 15 33 8.83 1.21 4 33 21 8.42 1.12 5 33 15 8.58 0.96
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