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轴流涡轮叶尖泄漏流动实验测量技术研究进展

杨益 马宏伟

杨 益,马宏伟. 轴流涡轮叶尖泄漏流动实验测量技术研究进展[J]. 实验流体力学,2021,35(6):28-43 doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200107
引用本文: 杨 益,马宏伟. 轴流涡轮叶尖泄漏流动实验测量技术研究进展[J]. 实验流体力学,2021,35(6):28-43 doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200107
YANG Y,MA H W. Progress of experimental research on axial turbine tip leakage flow[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2021,35(6):28-43. doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200107
Citation: YANG Y,MA H W. Progress of experimental research on axial turbine tip leakage flow[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2021,35(6):28-43. doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200107

轴流涡轮叶尖泄漏流动实验测量技术研究进展

doi: 10.11729/syltlx20200107
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51776011);国家科技重大专项(2017-V-0016-0068);国防科技重点实验室基金(6142702180203)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨益:(1993–),男,山东烟台人,博士研究生。研究方向:涡轮叶尖非定常流动及控制机理研究。通信地址:北京市昌平区高教园南三街9号北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院流体机械系(100191)。E-mail:yangyee93@163.com

    通讯作者:

    E-mail:mahw@buaa.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V232.4;TH453

Progress of experimental research on axial turbine tip leakage flow

  • 摘要: 基于公开文献与课题组现有实验研究成果,总结轴流涡轮叶尖泄漏流动实验测量的研究现状,并对未来发展方向进行展望。实验装置方面,现有大多数实验研究基于涡轮平面叶栅,针对旋转状态下间隙泄漏流动的测量较少;测量工况方面,低速条件下的实验研究较多,针对跨声速、超声速叶尖泄漏流动的研究较少;测量方法方面,多数实验为稳态定量和定性测量,且着眼于出口流场,针对涡轮转子叶尖间隙内部流动结构的非接触、瞬态测量研究较少;结果分析方面,多数实验着眼于分析泄漏流动对涡轮性能的影响,对泄漏涡非定常流动机理、泄漏涡与二次涡系的相互作用以及涡破碎的揭示尚不完全。基于涡轮转子实验台,结合端壁动态压力测量阵列,采用内窥式PIV、LDV技术对涡轮转子叶尖间隙内部及附近非定常泄漏流动的测量是一个亟待深入研究的重要方向。
  • 图  1  五孔探针测量方案布局[30]

    Figure  1.  Measurement layout of five-hole probe[30]

    图  2  总压损失系数云图[30]

    Figure  2.  Contour of total pressure loss coefficient[30]

    图  3  可移动端壁平面叶栅实验装置[36]

    Figure  3.  Cascade test section and moving belt[36]

    图  4  叶栅出口轴向涡量对比[32]

    Figure  4.  Comparison of axial vorticity contours at cascade exit[32]

    图  5  亚声速和跨声速叶顶流动结构示意[37]

    Figure  5.  Schematics of subsonic and transonic tip flow structure[37]

    图  6  三孔跨音压力探针[41]

    Figure  6.  Three-hole transonic pressure probe[41]

    图  7  实验用三孔探针[43]

    Figure  7.  Schematic diagram of three-hole probe for experiment[43]

    图  8  实验测得的叶栅下游不同间隙高度总压损失分布[43]

    Figure  8.  Experimentally-determined cascade downstream total pressure loss distribution with different tip clearance heights[43]

    图  9  聚焦纹影系统示意图[44]

    Figure  9.  Schematic of the focusing schlieren system[44]

    图  10  不同压比下的叶顶间隙内部纹影图[28]

    Figure  10.  Schlieren images at various tip pressure ratios within tip gap[28]

    图  11  不同时刻非定常流动图画[46]

    Figure  11.  Unsteady flow field at different times[46]

    图  12  氢气泡流场显示方案[30]

    Figure  12.  Flow field visualization scheme by hydrogen bubble[30]

    图  13  氢气泡显示的不同中弧线截面的尖区泄漏流动[30]

    Figure  13.  Leakage flow in the tip area at different cross-sections shown by hydrogen bubbles[30]

    图  14  不同截面处的流动参数分布[30]

    Figure  14.  Flow parameters distribution at different sections[30]

    图  15  SPIV测量整体方案布局[51]

    Figure  15.  Configuration of SPIV measurements[51]

    图  16  SPIV测量截面[51]

    Figure  16.  Measurement plane of SPIV[51]

    图  17  在不同弦长截面获得的涡量和流向速度分布[51]

    Figure  17.  Vorticity and streamwise velocity distribution at different test sections[51]

    图  18  涡轮叶顶间隙内流场PIV测量方案[36]

    Figure  18.  PIV measurement section of turbine blade tip clearance[36]

    图  19  间隙内部PIV测量结果[36]

    Figure  19.  PIV measurement results inside the gap[36]

    图  20  涡轮凹槽叶顶内窥PIV测量方案[52]

    Figure  20.  Endoscope PIV layout scheme of squealer tip[52]

    图  21  凹槽内部不同流向位置旋涡及涡量分布[52]

    Figure  21.  Vortex and vorticity distribution at different streamwise locations inside the cavity[52]

    图  22  大尺寸涡轮实验装置[53]

    Figure  22.  Large scale turbine test rig[53]

    图  23  涡轮转子通道内的湍流强度分布[55]

    Figure  23.  Turbulence intensity distribution in turbine rotor passage[55]

    图  24  动态总压探针结构图[56]

    Figure  24.  Diagram of dynamic total pressure probe[56]

    图  25  转子出口测量布局[56]

    Figure  25.  Measurement arrangement at the rotor exit[56]

    图  26  转子出口总压系数分布[59]

    Figure  26.  Distribution of total pressure coefficient at rotor outlet[59]

    图  27  表面油流显示[62]

    Figure  27.  Surface flow patterns by oil flow visualization[62]

    图  28  动态测量系统组成[64]

    Figure  28.  Composition of dynamic measurement system[64]

    图  29  不同间隙高度下的转子出口马赫数分布[64]

    Figure  29.  Distribution of Mach number at rotor outlet with different tip clearance heights[64]

    图  30  涡轮转子叶尖泄漏流动SPIV测量布置方案[66]

    Figure  30.  SPIV arrangement for turbine rotor tip leakage flow[66]

    图  31  涡轮转子内窥式PIV光路布置[66]

    Figure  31.  PIV optical path arrangement inside turbine rotor[66]

    图  32  转子通道内径向截面上测得的速度与进口速度的比值分布[66]

    Figure  32.  In plane velocity relative to inflow derived from BPIV, rotor passage[66]

    图  33  SPIV在叶尖切向-轴向平面上测得的径向速度与进口速度的比值[66]

    Figure  33.  Radial velocity relative to inflow velocity from stereo-PIV data at tangential-axial plane[66]

    图  34  FM-DGV几何安装示意[65]

    Figure  34.  Geometrical arrangement of the FM-DGV[65]

    图  35  实验装置示意(侧视图)[65]

    Figure  35.  Sketches of the measurement setup at the turbine rig (side view)[65]

    图  36  激光多普勒实验布置方案[65]

    Figure  36.  LDV apparatus for tip leakage flow measurement[65]

    图  37  实验测得的速度分布[65]

    Figure  37.  Measured velocity distribution[65]

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  • 收稿日期:  2020-09-04
  • 修回日期:  2020-12-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-12
  • 刊出日期:  2021-12-30

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    2021年8月13日